The area figures relate to districts, sub-
Land use: ways in which man takes
The districts and the sub-districts were
advantage of the land for activities such as:
defined according to the official administrative
construction, agriculture, forestation, industry,
division of the State of Israel. According to
etc. Land use relates to the situation today,
this division, Israel has six districts, which are
as opposed to land allocation relating to
As of 1967, the area of East Jerusalem has
The information on land use is national and
been included in the Jerusalem District. In
continuous for all the land in the country.
1982, the Golan sub-district was attached to
Information can be produced according to
various geographic categories, such as Local
Authorities, Regional Councils and natural
Israel and Jordan, which was signed on 26
October 1994, territories were exchanged in
Land use can be divided into two main types:
the Southern Arava and Bet She’an Basin in
This chapter also presents data on the natural
according to various functions: housing,
region areas within each sub-district as wel
services, culture and leisure, commercial,
Natural regions are continuous areas, as
industry and infrastructure, transportation and
uniform as possible, both with regard to
physical structure, climate and land, as wel
Open area is cross-sectioned according to
the following types: public open area, forests,
SOURCES OF DATA: The information is
district or, in some cases, an entire sub-
based on processing and integration of a
district or entire district (see the Map of Israel
variety of administrative sources that were
- Districts, Sub-districts and Natural Regions,
received from ministries, non-government
In the 1995 Census, the system of natural
The database on which the information is
increased from 45 (in the 1983 Census) to 50.
After the 1995 Census of Population and Housing, the method of measuring areas was
Israel’s climate has unique characteristics.
Israel’s geographic location, between 290-330
The areas of districts and Sub-districts were
north of the equator, makes it a subtropical
revised according to boundary adjustments
region, which is a transitional area between
the temperate zone and the arid zone. Israel,
therefore, is on a “climatic crossroads”: its
southern and eastern areas are characterized by
an arid climate, while the rest of its areas
characterized by a Mediterranean climate.
of the main characteristics of this kind of
climatic formation is the high variability in
quantities of precipitation from year to year
Be’er Sheva, Negev Institute: 34048’E; 31015’N;
and between different areas. The summer is
hot with hardly any rain, and the winter is cool
Be’er Sheva, West: 34043’E; 31016’N; 195 m.
Mizpe Ramon: 34047’E; 30037’N; 837 m.
The rainy season in Israel usually begins in October and ends in May of the next year.
Precipitation data are presented for rain
Sede Eliyyahu: 35031’E; 32026’N; -190 m.
years, i.e., from August to July of the next
Data on average precipitation have been standardized and adjusted to the normal
The multi-annual averages of number of rain
pollutants - see Chapter 27 - Environment.
Presented are the number of rain days with quantities of more than 1 mm.
Relative humidity - the ratio (in percentages)
of vapour in the air, and the amount the air can contain in a state of saturation at the
Global radiation: short-wave radiation of the
Temperature data and relative humidity are
horizontal plane from a spatial angle of 2 π
temperature and relative humidity refer to the
Duration of sunshine: the amount of time
period from 1981 to 2000, except Haifa (1988-
2000). The division into regions in the tables, has
been adapted to the division into geoclimatic
Data were obtained from the Meteorological
The table presents data on global radiation at
4 stations out of 20 (the number of stations varies): Haifa (Technion), Bet Dagan,
Jerusalem (Giv’at Ram) and Be’er Sheva
(Negev Institute). These stations started
, Technion: 35001’E; 32046’N; 230 m.
Aviv, Sede Dov: 34047’E; 32006’N; 4 m.
Dagan, meteorological station: 34048’E;
HILL REGION Har Kena’an: 35030’E; 32058’N; 934 m.
Gal’ed (Even Yizhaq) 35004’E; 32033’N; 180 m.
Jerusalem, Center: 35013’E; 31046’N; 815 m.
Jerusalem, Giv’at Ram: 35011’E; 31046’N; 765
The monthly multi-year average of sunshine
the aquifer is bordered by the southern slopes
of the Carmel and Tanninim Stream. In the
south, it is bordered by the Be’er Sheva Valley. The main flow of water at this aquifer
is from the Rosh HaAyin and Tanninim Stream springs. HaHof Aquifer: The aquifer spans from
Binyamina in the north to Nir Am in the south.
In the east, the aquifer is bordered by the foothills of the mountains and the plain of the
Quality of water at the beaches and streams,
central mountain ridge and in the west, by the
It has a good collection capacity, and it is filled
with rainfall, from artificial recharging of flood water and from effluents at selected sites.
Height of drilling: Height of drilling point in
The aquifers in Israel are: HaHof Aquifer,
Yarqon-Tanninim Aquifer, Western Galilee
Water level: Height of the water level in
Aquifer, Eastern Hill Aquifer, and Negev and Arava Aquifers. The water level of the
aquifers changes according to, among others,
The data were obtained from the Hydrological
run-off entering it and pumping activities
If there is no way of measuring the water
The data presented in the table focus on the
two main sources of utilizing ground water in
addition, a hydrological model is used to
The table presents specific data on a limited
number of drillings (out of hundreds) in
carried out in only a small percentage of
accordance with the recommendations of the
Hydrological Service. Water level values were published in relation
to Mean Sea Level for the months of: April
(Spring), and October (Fall), to indicate
Water Level of the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea and Water Salinity in the Sea of Galilee
observation drillings, as in exploratory drills,
its water level is therefore essential as it
Water level values presented in the table are
Salinity values presented in the table are the
Information on the water level of the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea in these time series
may provide an indication of short-term as
Yarqon-Tanninim Aquifer:
extends from the ridges of the Judea and
constitute a basis for understanding the
Samaria hills to the east and reaches the
Mediterranean coast in the west. In the north,
changes resulting from human intervention in
the ecosystem. In addition, the time series
provide important information on natural
Cl (mg/liter)
fluctuations of water. There is no Israeli
standard yet for the quality of the Sea of
All the water level values appear with a minus
sign, since the height of Sea of Galilee and
Data on the water level in the Sea of Galilee
Hydrological Service. Data on the salinity of
indicate the maximum water level for a given
the Sea of Galilee were obtained from the
Hydrological Service for the years 1960-1968
(November, December) indicate the minimal
water level. The value presented in the table
Limnological Laboratory (Nishri et al.) for the
is the result of the first measurement of that
The statistical parameters of salinity are
As of 1969, all salinity tests have been carried
calculated out of a series of observations.
out at one sampling point in the center of the
An observation is the weighted average of
representative point of the average salinity of
Water salinity: the parameter which
constitutes the main element in determining
possible uses of water. Accepted practice is
neighbour” imputation methods or other
to determine the salinity by the concentration
of chlorides in the water (Cl), measured by
milligrams of chlorides per liter of water (mg/l).
According to its salinity, the quality of water is
measurement in one of the permanent depths from which an observation is calculated during the years 1969-1991, the CBS uses an imputation of a datum, which is the average of measurements at the same depth and in the same month for 3 consecutive years. In certain instances, the datum of the measurement was imputed on the same date.
List of Localities, Their Population and Codes 31.12.2003
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