Dhpilpregnantwomen108154

SWINE FLU

AND PREGNANCY

How to protect yourself

and your baby

This leaflet gives information about:
• the swine flu vaccination that you can have during

pregnancy to help protect you and your baby

• precautions you can take to reduce your risk of infection

• treatments that are available if you do become ill.

Flu. Protect yourself and others. SWINE FLU AND PREGNANCY
Contents
What is swine flu? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
About the swine flu vaccine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Is the vaccine safe for me
and my baby? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
What can I do to protect myself
and others from swine flu? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
What should I do if I or people
close to me catch swine flu
before I have the vaccine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
What should I do now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
What is swine flu?
Swine flu is a respiratory disease caused by a new strain of flu virus.
The seasonal flu vaccines that are already available don’t protect
against swine flu, so a new flu vaccine has been developed.
How serious is swine flu?
For most people, swine flu is mild. It comes on quickly and generally
lasts for around a week. It causes fever, tiredness, a cough and a sore
throat. Other symptoms can include a headache, aching muscles, chills,
sneezing, a runny nose, loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Some people are more likely to become seriously ill with swine flu, including pregnant women. This is why it is important to have the vaccine. Why are pregnant women being offered the
vaccination first?
Pregnant women are considerably more likely to develop serious
complications from swine flu. The World Health Organization states
that up to 10% of all hospitalised patients with swine flu are women
who are more than three months pregnant.
The risk of complications (including miscarriage and premature labour) is highest during the later stages of pregnancy. Having the swine flu vaccine now could help you avoid catching swine flu and protect your baby. Pregnant women are considerably more likely to
develop serious complications and be hospitalised
with swine flu. SWINE FLU AND PREGNANCY
About the swine flu vaccine
Vaccines have been developed to protect against the virus that causes
swine flu. There are two different brands of vaccine: Pandemrix and
Celvapan. Most people given the Pandemrix vaccine will only need
one dose. People who have the Celvapan vaccine will need two doses,
at least three weeks apart.
Is it the same as the seasonal flu vaccination?
No. The swine flu vaccine is different from the seasonal flu vaccination
that’s offered every year. The seasonal flu vaccine does not protect
against swine flu. If you are usually advised by your GP to have the
seasonal flu vaccination, you should have it as usual.
If you usually have the seasonal flu vaccine,
you should continue to have this as normal.
Can the swine flu vaccine be given at the same time
as other vaccines?
Yes, the swine flu vaccine can be given at the same time as other vaccines,
including the seasonal flu vaccine. But if two vaccinations are being
administered on the same day, they should be given in different arms.
There are two vaccines – which one will I be given?
We advise the use of Pandemrix for pregnant women, as only one dose
is required. This means that you will be protected more quickly from
the risk of flu than if you receive Celvapan, which requires two doses,
at least three weeks apart.
Is the vaccine safe for
me and my baby?
Pandemrix and Celvapan are both licensed for use for pregnant
women. Similar vaccines containing another flu virus strain (H5N1)
have been clinically tested in trials involving over 5,000 people.
When it licensed the vaccines, the European Commission carefully considered all the evidence and recommended them for use. Women who are known to have become pregnant shortly after receiving Pandemrix have gone on to have normal pregnancies. What is an adjuvanted vaccine?
An adjuvant is added to vaccines so that a lower dose of the vaccine
is needed to produce the same level of protection. The adjuvant
enhances the immune response seen following vaccination.
The adjuvant used in Pandemrix includes squalene, which is extracted from fish oil and occurs naturally in plants, animals and humans. There is also a small amount of vitamin E (which we all have in our food and in our bodies) and polysorbate 80 (which is found in food and other medicines). What is thiomersal?
Pandemrix contains thiomersal, which is a preservative that contains
a very small amount of mercury.
There is no evidence of risk from thiomersal-containing vaccines for pregnant women and their babies. Can the swine flu vaccine cause flu?
No. The flu vaccine cannot give you flu as it does not contain a live
virus. Some people may experience mild flu-like symptoms (like fever,
headache and muscle aches) for up to 48 hours after immunisation
as their immune system responds to the vaccine, but this is not flu.
The vaccine is not live and cannot cause swine flu.
SWINE FLU AND PREGNANCY
Are there any other side effects?
All vaccinations can produce side effects such as redness, soreness and
swelling at the site of the injection. The vast majority of these side
effects are not serious.
If you think that you or someone you know has experienced a more serious side effect to Pandemrix or Celvapan, please speak to your GP or midwife or report it to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency at I’ve already had swine flu. Do I still need the vaccine?
Most people cannot be certain they have had swine flu unless it was
confirmed by laboratory tests. There are several viruses which can
cause flu-like symptoms and so, to be sure that we reduce the risk
of infection, we are offering vaccination to all people in the priority
groups. It is safe to be vaccinated even if you have already had swine
flu and taken antivirals.
Who can’t have the swine flu vaccine?
There are very few people who cannot have the swine flu vaccine.
The vaccines should not be given to anyone who has had a severe
allergic reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine or to any
component of the vaccine. If you are worried that this may apply to
you, talk to your GP or midwife.
What about people with egg allergies?
The Pandemrix vaccine is prepared in hens’ eggs in the same way that
seasonal flu vaccines are. It should not be given to people who have
had a confirmed anaphylactic reaction (experiencing shock or difficulty
breathing) after being exposed to egg products. The Celvapan vaccine
is not prepared using eggs, so you should have this vaccine if you have
a severe allergy to eggs.
Who can I talk to if I’m concerned?
Contact your GP, practice nurse or midwife if you have any concerns.
What can I do to protect myself
and others from swine flu?
The swine flu virus can be transmitted through the droplets that come
out of an infected person’s nose and mouth when they cough or sneeze.
The most effective way of reducing transmission is by following simple
respiratory and hand hygiene. You can reduce the risk of catching or
spreading swine flu by doing the following:
• Catch it – always covering your nose and mouth with a tissue
• Bin it – throwing away dirty tissues promptly and carefully.
• Kill it – maintaining good basic hygiene, for example washing hands
frequently with soap and warm water or using a sanitiser gel. Cleaning hard surfaces that are frequently touched (such as door handles) using a normal cleaning product will also help reduce the spread of infection. Can I continue with my normal activities?
Yes. Carry on doing the things you normally do, such as going to
work, travelling on public transport and attending family gatherings.
However, try to avoid visiting family or friends who are suffering
flu-like symptoms.
If you know of a large number of people falling ill in your neighbourhood,
you may prefer to avoid crowded places where possible.
Am I at risk at work?
Legally, employers must assess the risks to their employees from
their job, including work risks which may affect expectant mothers.
You should therefore let your employer know, in writing if possible, about your pregnancy as soon as you can. This will allow you both to look at the possible risks of your job and to take any necessary action to protect the health and safety of both you and your baby. SWINE FLU AND PREGNANCY
What should I do if I or people
close to me catch swine flu
before I have the vaccine?
If you are pregnant and you think you or people close to you have
swine flu, it’s important to contact your doctor, who can advise you
on what to do next.
If you are diagnosed with swine flu, you may be offered an antiviral medicine. What is the difference between an antiviral and a vaccine?
A vaccine is given to prevent someone from catching an infection.
The body’s immune system then makes antibodies which will fight
off infection if exposure to the virus occurs.
People who are already ill with swine flu are treated with antivirals. Antivirals may help relieve some of the symptoms of swine flu and reduce the potential for serious complications. Which antiviral will I be given?
Two antiviral medicines (Relenza and Tamiflu) are recommended for
pregnant women who have an uncomplicated illness due to swine flu
and who do not have an underlying disease.
Relenza is breathed in using an inhaler and is recommended as the first choice for pregnant women because it easily reaches the throat and lungs, where it is needed. It does not reach significant levels in the blood or placenta, and should not affect your pregnancy or your growing baby. Tamiflu should be offered to you instead of Relenza if you:
• have a condition such as asthma or chronic obstructive
• have difficulty using an inhaler, or
• develop a severe or complicated disease due to flu (you will
If you are prescribed antiviral medication, it’s important to start taking it as soon as possible. SWINE FLU AND PREGNANCY
What should I do now?
You should be invited to go to a vaccination clinic or to make an
appointment at your GP surgery. Not everyone in the country will
get their vaccine at exactly the same time, so don’t worry if you don’t
hear from your GP surgery straightaway.
However, if after a few weeks you still haven’t heard anything, get in touch with your GP surgery. If you are pregnant and think you have swine flu
In England
Contact your GP
People who are not in higher risk groups should visit
or call the National Pandemic Flu Service:
0800 1 513 100
Textphone: 0800 1 513 200
(for people who are deaf or hard of hearing)
In Scotland
Contact your GP or NHS24: 08454 24 24 24
Textphone: 18001 08454 24 24 24
(for people who are deaf or hard of hearing)
In Wales
Contact your GP or call NHS Direct Wales:
0845 46 47
Textphone: 0845 606 46 47
(for people who are deaf or hard of hearing)
In Northern Ireland
Contact your GP or the Northern Ireland swine flu helpline:
0800 0514 142
Textphone: 18001 0800 0514 142
(for people who are deaf or hard of hearing)
Calling NHS24 should cost no more than the price of a local telephone call from a BT landline. Calls to NHS Direct Wales cost a maximum of 2p per minute from most BT landlines. Calls to all other numbers here are free from landlines. Calls from mobiles and other networks may vary – please check with your provider. For more information about swine flu and pregnancy
Visit
Why is getting vaccinated a good idea?
Getting vaccinated against swine flu will help:
• protect you and your baby against swine flu
• protect you against future infection caused by
• stop the spread of the virus to others around you. For England and Scotland, extra copies of this leaflet can be ordered from England:
Swine flu and pregnancy leaflet 299759
Scotland:
Swine flu and pregnancy leaflet 299759/Scotland Tel: 0300 123 1002
Fax: 01623 724 524
Textphone: 0300 123 1003
You can order copies of this leaflet in Braille, large print, Easy Read, audio and British Sign Language (BSL) formats. In addition, you can download copies of this leaflet in alternative formats and other languages at Calls to 0800 numbers are free from UK landlines. Mobile and other providers’ charges may vary.

Source: http://www.gateshead.gov.uk/DocumentLibrary/council/leaflets/EmergencyPlanning/dhPILpregnantwomen108154.pdf

9a infectolab co-infektionen 01.07.1

BCA-clinic Betriebs GmbH & Co. KG Dr. med. Armin Schwarzbach Facharzt für Labormedizin Zunehmende Bedeutung der Co-Infektionen bei Borreliose- Patienten - entweder paral el zu einer Borrelien Infektion oder auch anstatt - Ein Fachbeitrag von Dr. med. Armin Schwarzbach, Facharzt für Laboratoriumsmedizin Bei den Fachkongressen der vergangenen Monate ist auffäl ig, dass den Co-I

Michael strober, ph

MICHAEL STROBER, Ph.D. -- BIBLIOGRAPHY Research Papers – Peer Reviewed Strober, M. and Bellack, A. (1975). Multiple behavioral treatment for a child with behavioral problems. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 6, 250-252. Carlson, G. and Strober, M. (1978). Manic-depressive illness in early adolescence: A study of clinical and diagnostic issues in six cases. Journa