Boe-7007c meds

DM45624.qxp:DM45624 Meds 11/11/09 3:03 PM Page 1 Anticholinergic Agents
COMBINATION BRONCHODILATOR THERAPY
The key mechanism of anticholinergic medicationsappears to be the blocking of muscarinic receptors(M1, M2, and M3). By blocking acetylcholine- • Combining bronchodilators with different mediated bronchoconstriction, the end result Side effects associated with anticholinergic therapy • The combination of a ß2-agonist and an anti- include dry mouth, glaucoma, and urinary retention.2 cholinergic may produce additional improvements inlung function and health status1 Use of Medications
• The safety of each component of the combination therapy should be assessed in evaluating its 2-Agonists
in Stable COPD
2 agonists primarily relax airway smooth muscle by stimulating ß2-adrenergic receptors. This, REMIND YOUR PATIENTS TO TAKE THEIR MEDICATION DAILY in turn, increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate(AMP) and produces functional antagonismto bronchoconstriction.1Side effects are more frequent in oral therapy CONCLUSION
than inhaled therapy. They include palpitations andpremature ventricular contractions, tremor, and For a discussion of specific bronchodilator treatment options for management of stable COPD, pleaserefer to the Global Initiative for Chronic ObstructiveLung Disease (GOLD) Executive Summary (updated Theophylline
2006) in the Guidelines and Resources section of theGOLD Web site. This is available at www.goldcopd.org.
Theophyl ine agents may act as nonselective References:
phosphodiesterase inhibitors but have also been 1. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the
reported to have a range of nonbronchodilator Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Updated 2006). www.goldcopd.org. Accessed March 7, 2007. 2. Barnes PJ.
The role of anticholinergics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med.
2004;117:24S-32S. 3. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Task
Theophylline requires careful dose management Force. Standards for the diagnosis and management of patients with COPD (Internet).
Version 1.2. New York: American Thoracic Society; 2004 (updated September 8, 2005).
due to its potential toxicity and serious side effects, www.thoracic.org/sections/copd/resources/copddoc.pdf. Accessed March 8, 2007.
4. Mahler DA, Wire P, Horstman D, et al. Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and
including ventricular and atrial rhythm disturbances salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:1084-1091.
5. Jones PW, Wil its LR, Burge PS, Calverley PM. Disease severity and the effect of
fluticasone propionate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.
Eur Respir J. 2003;21:68-73. 6. Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, et al. Combined
salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised control ed trial. Lancet. 2003;361:449-456.
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. has no ownership interest in any other organization that advertises or markets its disease A healthcare practitioner educational resource provided by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. C Printed on recycled paper in the U.S.A.
Copyright 2007, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
DM45624.qxp:DM45624 Meds 11/11/09 3:03 PM Page 4 USE OF MEDICATIONS IN THE
OTHER AGENTS
to occur. Other topical side effects include MANAGEMENT OF STABLE COPD
oropharyngeal candidiasis and hoarse voicedue to pharyngeal deposition.3 Inhaled Corticosteroids
Although airway obstruction in COPD is onlypartial y reversible, pharmacological treatments may1: The benefits of inhaled corticosteroids in treating COMBINATION MEDICATIONS
COPD are much less dramatic than those seen in asthma. Their role in stable COPD management is limited to symptomatic patients with COPD Currently, only a few types of combination with an FEV1<50% predicted (Stage III: Severe medications are available. The following are in treating patients who have experienced The dose-response relationships and long-term • Long-acting ß2-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid safety of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD are BRONCHODILATORS IN STABLE COPD
not known.1 Inhaled steroids are not approved Side effects are dependent on the medications in the combination1 and are described on pages3 to 5 in the specific sections for these medications.
• Bronchodilator medications are central to Recommended Therapy at Each Stage of COPDa1 • The choice of ß2-agonist, anticholinergic, theophylline, or combination therapy dependson availability and individual response in termsof symptom relief and side effects1 • Bronchodilators are prescribed as needed or for maintenance therapy to prevent orreduce symptoms1 • Long-acting inhaled bronchodilators are more effective and convenient than short-acting agents1 • Combining bronchodilators may improve efficacy and decrease the risk of side effects compared with increasing the dose of asingle bronchodilator1 a COPD definition includes FEV1/FVC<0.70 and post-bronchodilator FEV1 values as described in table.
FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1second.

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