Documento16

Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ BEE DIVERSITY OF THE COASTAL SAND DUNES OF BRAZIL
Blandina Felipe Viana and Isabel Alves dos Santos
ABSTRACT

A summary of the bee fauna on the Brazilian coastal sand dunes is presented. The data
used in this synthesis come from the results of apifauna surveys undertaken in five sites
on the Brazilian coast: 2°30'S, 7°S, 12°56'S, 25°30'S and 30°S. This preliminary synthesis
allows an overview of the composition and richness of the bee species in the dune and
beach environments along the Brazilian coast.
INTRODUCTION

One of the features of the Brazilian coast is the presence of vast sedimentary sand plains
which are the result of the transgressions and regressions of the sea in the Holocene (Araújo
and Lacerda 1987). These plains include areas termed beaches, foredunes, dunes, low
zones and boundary zone, which differ in the plant cover. This set of environments is termed
“restinga”. The complexity of the restinga communities increases as far as we are from the
ocean.
In spite of their homogeneous appearance the dunes have interdependent micro-environments and several particularities related to their flora, which is constantly under nutritional and hydric stress. The dunes vary in shape and position because of wind changes. but the vegetation is little affected by such changes being easily adapted to the movements of the mobile subtract. There are also extensive zones in which the dunes are fixed due to the presence of trees and shrubs. The dune belt along the Brazilian Atlantic Coast is not continuous in width and alignment. In Rio Grande do Sul, for instance, the coastal plain is wide, low, and slightly undulating. It is made up of four belts of recent and ancestral dunes, interspersed by “restingas” and lagoons. In other areas one may find high dunes (up to 90m) such as the ones in the NE region, or portions of clipped littoral marked by the presence of bays, like the ones in the northern part of the state of São Paulo. Except in neighbour wood of restingas and mangroves, over most of their north-south extension the dunes have the Atlantic Rainforest inland to the west. This ecosystem certainly has a strong influence from the fauna and flora of the dunes. Temperature and relative humidity are usually more constant on the coast during the year because of the direct influence of the sea. This is especially true in tropical zones (0°-23.5°S). In the south of Brazil, the influence of polar winds (south winds) may bring instability and may cause drastic changes in the temperature and in the precipitation rate in the coastal region. Regional differences may also be found, such as in the north of the state of Rio de Janeiro, near the Paraíba River (22°S) which may present a dry zone with semiarid aspect. The low Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ humidity in this latitude caused by the colder sea water that brings dry air to the coast (the
resurgence zone of Cabo Frio).
The Dunes Vegetation
In the initial portion of the dunes (foredunes or pioner zone) there are halophyte (salt
tolerant), succulent and creeper plant species. In the limit between the high tides and the
dunes, we find a flora that is cosmopolitan to the tropical coast with species of grasses,
weeds and shrubs (Ciperaceae, Gramineae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae and others)
Toward inland the vegetation gets denser and fixed on the sand, generating the fixed dunes
with woody plants. In the south coast of Rio Grande do Sul we may find small portions of
forest with giant individuals of Ficus organensis, Erythrina cristagalli, Salix, Myrcia spp and
other species.
Some studies show new species and some endemism of Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae, and
Lameaceae in restinga areas. However, the main vegetation type may be dominated by other
groups, with many typical elements of the families Arecaceae, Cactaceae, Araceae,
Velloziaceae, Asteraceae and Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae, Fabaceae and Mimosaceae)
(Britto et al. 1993; Araújo and Henriques 1984).
Opposite to what occurs with the dune vegetation in the temperate region, which features
many anemophilous and few entomophilous spec ies (Knuth 1896, Gottsberger et al. 1988),
many of the plant species on the tropical dunes are entomophilous and, more specifically,
melittophilous that is, their flowers are visited by Hymenoptera, especially bees. These bees
are frequently the pollinators of these plant species, therefore responsible for their sexual
reproduction (Gottsberger et al. 1988).
The Apifauna of the Dunes
The results of five apifauna surveys carried out or including the coastal dune of Brazil show
the diversity of the bees and their importance for the pollination of local vegetation.
In the South of Brazil Alves dos Santos (1996 and 1999) found 206 species of bees in the
lowland areas in the broad coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul (30°S/51°W). Of these, 129
species were found exclusively between sea level and 50 meters altitude (in areas of dunes
and restinga). Still in the South of Brazil 75 species were recorded in Ilha do Mel, 122 species
in Alexandra and 57 species in Ilha das Cobras (Laroca 1974, Schwartz Filho 1993, Zanella
1991, Zanella et al.1998). All these localities belong to the coastal plain of the state of Paraná
at 25°30'S and 48°30'W.
In the Northeastern Brazil bee surveys were conducted by Gottsberger et al. (1988),
Albuquerque (1998), Madeira da Silva (1998) and Viana (in prep.) between the latitudes of 2º
and 12ºS. All showed the presence of less than one hundred species. The large solitary bees
of the family Anthophoridae were predominant for they are able to forage under the adverse
dry conditions of the dunes.
In Maranhão, the two surveyed areas were located near the city of São Luis (2º29’S/ 44º18’W
and 2º30’S/ 44º17’W), reaching an altitude of 30 meters above sea level. The climate is hot,
semi-humid with well defined dry and rainy seasons, annual mean temperature around
I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília _______________________________________________________________________________ MA (2º30'S)
PB (7º3'S)
BA (12º56’S)
PR (25º30'S)
RS (30ºS)
26,7ºC and rainfall around 1950mm. Humidity is high almost all year round with an annual mean of about 81%. In Bahia, the studied area is located in an Environmental Protected Area of the Abaeté Lagoon and Dunes (12º56’S /38º21’W), near Salvador, between 5 and 15 meters above sea level (Viana, in prep.). In Paraíba, the survey was undertaken in the restinga of the Praia de Intermares (7º3’S; 34º50’W), in the municipality of Cabedelo, 10 km from João Pessoa, at an altitude between 0 and 10 m above sea level (Madeira da Silva 1998). The climate in these two localities is hot and humid, with no dry season. Rainfall is highest from March to August. Annual mean temperatures range from 24º to 27°C and annual rainfall is around 2000 mm. Humidity has an annual mean of 70-80%. In Rio Grande do Sul, the surveys were conducted in the north littoral of the state (30ºS; 50º-51º W). In Paraná, Zanella et al. (1998) surveyed 3 localities in the coastal plain of the state (25º 30'S; 48º 25'W). The climate in these two regions is temperate humid with rain distributed among all months of the year. The temperature in the warmer months is above 22°C and above 3°C in the colder months. Intense rainfall occurs in the summer, reaching 2000mm. In Rio Grande do Sul the relative humidity is higher in the winter (90%) and lower in December (75-85%). Table 1 shows the list of species in the five localities. It is worth noting that the local bee fauna of Maranhão (São Luís), Bahia (Abaeté) and Paraíba (Cabedelo) are similar in number of species and in frequency of the familiy Apoidea (Fig. 1). FIGURE 1. Variation in the taxonomic composition of the apifauna of coastal sand dunes of Brazil, summarized by number of species per family. MA - Maranhão, PB - Priai de Intermares, BA - Bahia, PR - Paraná, RS - Rio Grande do Sul However, species composition is dissimilar among these areas, in spite of the fact that the vegetation physiognomies are similar. Between Abaeté and Cabedelo = 47%, between Abaeté and São Luís = 31% and between São Luís and Cabedelo = 36% (Sorensen coefficient of similarity). The composition of the Apifauna in these localities is influenced by neighbouring habitats and by the local variation in abiotic factors. It must also be related to Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ the plant species composition, which varies widely at the species level among these areas,
as may be seen in table 2. Anthophorinae and Xylocopinae are the two most represented
groups in these three localities. According to the authors of these surveys, most species in
these groups are local residents with several nests in the areas.
Bees of the tribes Melitomini (mainly in the genera Ancyloscelis, Diadasina, Melitoma and
Ptilothrix) and Centridini (Centris and Epicharis) may be typical of open areas and sandy soils
(important for their nest construction) in Rio Grande do Sul. Bees of the family Megachilidae
are typical of and well distributed in the lowlands mainly in the South of Brazil, whereas this
family is not very represented in the Northeastern region (Fig. 1). Halictidae presents a high
number of species in south Brazil, and is the most diverse bee family at the coastal plain of
Paraná. Andrenidae appears with small number of species in each of these localities, except
in Rio Grande do Sul where many bees of the tribe Panurgini were recorded (table 1).
Dispersal of the Species
Because of the large North-South extension of the Brazilian coast, the dunes may serve as a
corridor for the movement and dispersal of bee species. However, if there are geographic
barriers (physical or thermal), such as the section of the coastal belt by mountains that reach
the littoral, or large rivers, their dispersion may be discontinuous.
Because the dunes receive influences from and exchanges with neighbouring ecosystems to
the West, some similarity may be expected among the groups on the contact areas or
transition zones among the ecosystems.
Surveys undertaken with similar methods of collecting bees on flowers and with the record of
different types of ecologically relevant information can result in rich sources of data for
comparative studies. Also, similarity analysis of such data can bring some knowledge about
the species diversity, relative abundance, dominance and structure of the community, and
about the interactions among bees and plants and the partition of resources among the
Apoidea.
For a complete biogeographic analysis of the Apoidea distribution on the dune ecosystem, a
comparison between the bee fauna and the plants which are important for their survival in
different latitudes would be interesting. Although 5000 km of the Brazilian coast are occupied
by "restingas" and dunes, the flora and fauna of these ecosystems are still little studied.

The dunes is the most fragile environment among all ecosystems on the coast. The
deleterious effects of human activities such as the rapid construction of houses and
buildings, the taking away of sand, building roads and streets, commercial facilities and car
traffic are marked in this environment. We provide our data from the fire sites as a record
of what has been found. Clearly, much work and analysis is required to fully place our
findings in this context of biogeography and conservation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our sincere thanks to the Dr Astrid M. P. Kleinert from Universidade de São Paulo, for her
suggestions for improving this manuscript. We also thank CNPq, CADCT/SEPLANTEC-BA
and PICD/CAPES for research grants.
Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ REFERENCES

Albuquerque P. Abelhas silvestres (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) e suas fontes de alimento em
um ecossistema de dunas, na Ilha do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brasil: composição, fenologia e interações [tese de doutoramento]. Ribeirão Preto: Universidade de São Paulo; 1998. Alves dos Santos I. Bienen und melittophile Blütenpflanzen in der Küstenregion und im Atlantischen Regenwald von Rio Grande do Sul (Brasilien), mit einer Fallstudie zu Langzungenbienen und tristylen Wasserhyazinthen [PhD thesis]. Tübigen: Universidade de Tübingen; 1996. Alves dos Santos I. Abelhas e plantas melíferas da Mata Atlântica, restinga e dunas do Litoral norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 1999; 43(3/4): 191-223.
Alves dos Santos I. Distribuição vertical de uma comunidade de abelhas do Rio Grande do
Sul. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 1999; 43(3/4): 225-8. Araújo DSD, Henriques RPB. Análise florística das restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. In: Lacerda LD, et al, organizadores. Restinga: origem, estrutura e processos. Niterói: CEUFF; 1984. p.159-93. Araújo DSD, Lacerda LD. A natureza das restingas. Ciência Hoje 1987; 6(33): 42-8. Gottsberger G, Camargo JMF, Silberbauer-Gottsberger I. A bee-pollinated tropical community: the beach dune vegetation of Ilha de São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Botanische Jahrbüscher fur Systematik 1988; 109(4): 469-500. Laroca S. Estudo feno-ecológico em apoidea do litoral e Primeiro Planalto Paranaense [dissertação de mestrado]. Curitiba: Universidade Federal do Paraná; 1974. Madeira da Silva MC. Estrutura da comunidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) de uma área de restinga (Praia de Intermares, Cabedelo – Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil) [dissertação de mestrado]. João Pessoa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba; 1998. Queiroz LP, Guedes MLS, Oliveira NC, Silva LB. Flora fanerogâmica das dunas e lagoas de Abaeté, Salvador, Bahia. Sitientibus 1993; 11: 31-46. Schwartz Filho DL. A comunidade de abelhas silvestres (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) da Ilha das Cobras (Paraná, Brasil): aspectos ecológicos e biogeográficos [dissertação de mestrado]. Curitiba: Universidade Federal do Paraná; 1993. Zanella FCV. Estrutura da comunidade de abelhas silvestres (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) da Ilha do Mel, Planície Litorânea Paranaense, Sul do Brasil [dissertação de mestrado]. Curitiba: Universidade Federal do Paraná; 1991. Zanella FCV, Schwartz Filho DL, Laroca S. Tropical bee island biogeography: diversity and abundance patterns. Biogeographica 1998; 74(3): 103-15. Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Table 1. Bee
species of coastal
sand dunes in
Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) ANDRENIDAE
PANURGINAE
Acamptopoeum prinii (Holmberg, 1884) Callonychium petuniae Cure & Wittmann, 1990 Cephalurgus anomalus Moure & Lucas de Oliveria, Anthrenoides meridionalis (Schrottky, 1906) Panurgillus flavitarsis Schlindwein & Moure 1998 Panurgillus hamatus Schlindwein & Moure 1998 Panurgillus minutus Schlindwein & Moure 1998 Panurgillus pereziae Schlindwein & Moure 1998 Parapsaenythia paspalis (Schrottky, 1909) Parapsaenythia puncticutis (Vachal, 1909) Parapsaenythia serripes (Ducke, 1908) Protomelliturga turnerae (Ducke, 1907) Psaenythia annulata Gerstaecker, 1868 Psaenythia chrysorrhoea Gerstaecker, 1868 Psaenythia collaris Schrottky, 1907 Psaenythia demissa Holmberg, 1923 Psaenythia quadrifasciata Friese, 1908 OXAEINAE
COLLETIDAE
COLLETINAE
Colletes petropolitanus Delatorre, 1896 Colletes punctatissimus Schrottky, 1902 Bicolletes leucostoma (Cockerell, 1917) Cephalocolletes isabelae Urban, 1995 Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Tetraglossula bigamica (Strand, 1910) DIPHAGLOSSINAE
Ptiloglossa pretiosa (Friese, 1898) HYLAEINAE
Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) XEROMELISSINAE
Chilicola (Stenocelis) faviscapis n. sp. HALICTIDAE
HALICTINAE
Augochlora (Augochl.) amphitrite (Schrottky, Augochlora (Augochlora) caerulior Cockerell, Augochlora (Augochlora) dolichocephala (Moure, Augochlora flavipes n. sp. Moure, n.p. Augochlora (Augochlora) cf nitidior Augochlora (Augochlora) af f. pyrgo Augochlora obscuripes n. sp. Moure, n.p. Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) morrae (Strand, Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) esox (Vachal, 1911) Augochlora (Oxystogl.) semiramis (Schrottky, Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) thalia Smith, 1879 Augochlora (Oxystoglosella) sp. 4 Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Augochlora (Oxystoglossela) sp. nov. Augochlorella ephyra (Schrottky, 1910) Augochlorella michaelis (Vachal, 1911) Augochloropsis acis (Smith, 1879) Augochloropsis anisitsi (Schrotkky, 1908) Augochloropsis callichroa (Cockerell, 1900) Augochloropsis caerulans (Vachal, 1903) Augochloropsis cleopatra (Schrottky, 1902) Augochloropsis cupreola (Cockerell, 1900) Augochloropsis cloera Moure, 1940 Augochloropsis cyanea (Schrotkky, 1901) Augochloropsis luderwaldti Moure, 1940 Augochloropsis multiplex (Vachal, 1903) Augochloropsis notophos sp1 (Vachal, 1903) Augochloropsis pandrosos (Schrotkky, 1909) Augochloropsis sympleres (Vachal, 1903) Augochloropsis terrestris (Vachal, 1903) Augochloropsis (Paraug.) euterpe (Holmberg, Augochloropsis (Paraug.) sparsilis (Vachal, 1903) Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Neocorynura (Neocorynura) atromarginata Neocorynura (Neocorynura) pseudocaccha Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Paroxystoglossa jocasta (Schrottky, 1910) Pseudaugochloropsis graminea (Fabricius, 1804) Pseudoaugochloropsis pandora (Smith, 1853) Thectochlora alaris (Vachal, 1904) Agapostemon semimelleus (Holmberg, 1884) Coenohalictus incertus (Schrottky, 1902) Dialictus (Chloralictus) opacus (Moure, 1940) Dialictus (Rhynchalictus) rostratus (Moure, 1947) Pseudagapostemon (P.) arenarius (Schrottky, Pseudagapostemon (P.) brasiliensis Cure, 1989 Pseudagapostemon (P.) pruinosus Moure & MEGACHILIDAE
ANTHIDINAE
Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Dicranthidium arenarium Ducke, 1907 Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Epanthidium confusum (Smith, 1879) Epanthidium tigrinum (Schrottky, 1905) Hypanthidium flavomarginatum (Smith, 1879) Larocanthidium emarginatum (Urban, 1997) Coelioxys (Acrocoelioxys) australis Holmberg, Coelioxys (Cyrtocoelioxys) quaerens Holmberg, Coelioxys (Glyptocoeli oxys) vidua Smith, 1854 Coelioxys (Melanocoelioxys) tolteca Cresson, Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Coelioxys (Rhinocoelioxys) zapoteca Cresson, Megachile (Acentrina) apicipennis Schrottky, 1902 Megachile (Acentrina) moureana Mitchell, 1930 Megachile (Acentrina) nigropilosa Schrottky, 1902 Megachile (Acentrina) pampeana Vachal, 1909 Megachile (Acentron) bernardina Schrottky, 1913 Megachile (Acentron) lentifera Vachal, 1909 Megachile (Acentron) limae Schrottky, 1913 Megachile (Austromegachile) corona Mitchell, Megachile (Austromegachile) oligostticta Moure, Megachile (Austromegachile) trigonaspis Megachile (Austromegachile) susurrans Haliday, Megachile (Austromegachile) sp. 1 Megachile (Austromegachile) sp.2 Megachile (Austromegachile) sp.3 Megachile (Austromegachile) sp. 4 Megachile (Austromegachile) sp. 5 Megachile (Chaetoc hile) golbachi Schwimmer, Megachile (Dactylomegachile) affabilis Mitchell, Megachile (Dactylomegachile) sp.1 Megachile (Grafella) crotalariae Mitchell, 1930 Megachile (Leptorachis) aetheria Mitchell, 1930 Megachile (Leptorachis) angularis Mitchell, 1930 Megachile (Leptorachis) atritegulis Moure, in litt. Megachile (Leptorachis) cf beniensis Cockerell, Megachile (Leptorachis) paulistana Schrottky, Megachile (Leptorachis) tenuitarsis Schrottky, Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Megachile (Melanosarus) brasiliensis Dalla Torre, Megachile cf (Melanosarus ) sp. 1 Megachile (Prionepist.) tuberculifera Schrottky, Megachile (Pseudocentron) curviceps Smith, 1853 Megachile (Pseudocentron) elec trum Mitchell, Megachile (Pseudocentron) framea Schrottky, Megachile (Pseudocentron) nudiventris Smith, Megachile (Pseudocentron) pyrrogastra Cockerell, Megachile (Pseudocentron) terrestris Schrottky, Megachile (Sayapis) dentipes Vachal, 1909 Megachile (Sayasis) obdurata Mitchell, 1930 Megachile (Tylomegachile) orba Schrottky, 1913 Megachile (Willinkella) anthidioides Smith, 1853 Megachile (Willinkella) apicipennis Schrottky, 1902 Pseudocentrum (Pseudocentrum) leucomelaena Pseudocentrum (Pseudocentrum) leucosera n.sp. Pseudocentrum (Pseudocentrum) xanthosera ANTHOPHORIDAE
ANTHOPHORINAE
Centris (Centris) aenea Lepeletier, 1841 Centris (Centris) caxiensis Ducke, 1907 Centris (Centris) flavifrons Fabricius, 1775 Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Centris (Centris) leprieuri Spinola, 1841 Centris (Centris) nitens Lepeletier, 1841 Centris (Centris) spilopoda Moure, 1969 Centris (Centris) varia (Erichson, 1948) Centris (Hemisiella) nigripes Friese, 1899 Centris (Hemisiella) tarsata Smith, 1874 Centris (Hemisiella) trigonoides Lepeletier, 1841 Centris (Heterocentris) analis Lepetier, 1841 Centris (Melanocentris) atra Friese, 1899 Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Centris (Melanocentris) dorsata Lepeletier, 1841 Centris (Melanocentris) fluviatilis Friese Centris (Melanocentris) obsoleta Lepeletier, 1841 Centris (Paracentris) burgdorfi Friese, 1900 Centris (Paremisia) fuscata Lepeletier, 1841 Centris (Paremisia) proxima Friese, 1899 Centris (Paremisia) pulchra n.sp. Centris (Paremisia) similis Fabricius , 1804 Centris (Ptilopus) sponsa Smith, 1854 Centris (Xanthemisia) lutea Friese, 1899 Epicharis (Anepicharis) dejeani Lepeletier, 1841 Epicharis (Xanthepicharis) bicolor Smith, 1854 Epicharis (Xanthepicharis) nigrita Friese, 1900 Mesocheira bicolor (Fabricius, 1804) Mesonychium asteria (Smith, 1854) Mesonychium littoreum Moure, 1944 Florilegus (Euflorilegus) festivus (Smith, 1854) Florilegus (Euflorilegus) fulvipes (Smith, 1854) Florilegus (Euflorilegus) riparius Ogloblin, 1955 Gaesischia (Gaesischia) fulgurans (Holmberg, Gaesischia (Gaesischia) nigra Moure, 1948 Gaesischia (Gaesischia) s parsa Brethes, 1910 Gaesischia (Gaesischia) trifasciata Urban, 1968 Melissodes (Ecplectia) nigroaenea (Smith, 1854) Melissodes (Ecplectia) sexcincta (Lepeletier, Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Melissoptila (Comeptila) paraguayensis (Brethes, Melissoptila (Ptilomelissa) aureocincta Urban Melissoptila (Ptilomelissa) bonaerensis Holmberg, Melissoptila (Ptilomelissa) claudii Urban 1998 Melissoptila (Ptilomelissa) cnecomala (Moure, Thygater (Thygater) analis (Lepeletier, 1841) Thygater (Thygater) paranaensis Urban, 1967 Exomalopsis aureopilosa Spinola, 1853 Lanthanomelissa (L.) goeldiana (Friese, 1899) Paratetrapedia melanpoda Moure, 1948 Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Tapinotaspis (Tapinotaspoi.) pernigra (Schrottky, Tapinotaspis (Tapinotaspoi.) tucumana (Vachal, Ancyloscelis apiformis (Fabricius, 1793) Ancyloscelis fiebrigi (Brethes, 1909) Ancyloscelis turmalis Vachal, 1904 Ancyloscelis ursinus Haliday, 1837 Diadasina distincta (Holmberg, 1903) Melitoma segmentaria (Fabricius, 1804) Ptilothrix fructifera (Holmberg, 1903) Ptilothrix relata (Holmberg, 1903) Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ NOMADINAE
XYLOCOPINAE
Ceratina correntina Schrottky, 1907 Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris (Fabricius, 1804) Ceratina (Crewella) asuncionis Strand, 1910 Ceratina (Crewella) maculifrons Smith, 1844 Ceratina (Crewella) paraguayensis (Schrottky, Ceratina (Crewella) rupestris (Holmberg, 1884) Ceratina (Rhyzoceratina) stilbonota Moure, 1941 Ceratina (Rhyzoceratina) volitans Schrottky, 1907 Ceratinula sclerops (Schrottky, 1907) Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Xylocopa (Megaxylocopa) frontalis (Olivier, 1789) Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) augusti Lepeletier, 1841 Xylocopa (Neoxyloc.) brasilianorum (Linnaeus, Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) carbonaria Smith, 1854 Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis Ducke, 1910 Xylocopa (Nanoxylocopa) ciliata Burmeister, 1876 Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier, Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) nigrocincta Smith, 1854 Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) orthogonaspis Moure Xylocpa (Neoxylocopa) suspecta Moure & Xylocopa (Schoenherria) varians (Smith, 1874) Xylocopa (Schoenherria) macrops (Lepeletier, Xylocopa (Schoenherria) muscaria (Fabricius, Xylocopa (Schoenherria) prov . subcyanea Pérez, Xylocopa (Stenoxylocopa) artifex Smith, 1874 Xylocopa (Xylocospila) bambusae Schrottky, 1902 BOMBINAE
Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus Franklin, 1913 Bombus (Fervidobombus) brasiliensis Lepeleiter, Bombus (Fervidobombus) morio (Swederus, Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) Euglossa cyanozoma (Dressler, 1982) Eufriesea surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Eulaema (Apeulaema) nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 Eulaema meriana flavescens Friese, 1899 Euplusia dentilabris Mocsary, 1897 Euplusia mussitans Fabricius, 1787 MELIPONINAE
Melipona marginata Lepeletier, 1836 Melipona marginata obscurior Moure, 1971 Cephalotrigona capitata (Smith, 1854) Frieseomellita doederleini (Friese, 1900) Frieseomellita silvestri languida Moure, 1989 Nannotrigona testaceicornis Lepeletier, 1836 Oxytrigona tataira Mueller, 1874) Bee family
Bee species
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Scaptotrigona xanthotricha Moure, 1950 Tetragonisca angustula (Smith, 1863) Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Trigona fulviventris guianae Cockerell, 1910 Trigona spinipes (Fabricius, 1793) Number of bee species
Table 2. Bee
plants species of
coastal sand
dunes in Brazil
(2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. et Schlecht.) Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.)Griseb. Philoxerus portulacoides St.Hil. Crinum Habranthus salsum Rav . Anarcardium occidentalle L. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Forsteronia leptocarpa Hoker et Arnot Mandevilla funiformis (Vell) K. Schum. Temnadenia stellaris (Lindl.) Miers Allagoptera brevicalyx M. Moraes Syagrus romanzoffianum Cham. Oxypetalum banksii Roem. & Schult. Acanthospermum australe (Loefling) Kuntze Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.)DC. Aspilia pascaloides Griseb. Baccharis cassinifolia DC. Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. Baccharis pseudovillosa Teodoro Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Centratherum punctatum Cassini Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC) K & R Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. Erechthites valerianaefolia (Wolf)DC. Emilia sonchifolia (DC) Benth. Erechthites valerianaefolia (Wolf)DC. Eupatorium betonicaeforme Baker Eupatorium inulaefolium H.B.K. Eupatorium vautherianum DC (2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Mikania campanulata Gardner Mikania nitida (DC) King & Robinson Noticastrum gnaphalioides (Bak.) Cuatr. Orthopappus augustifolius (Sw.) Gleason Porophyllum ruderale (Jacquin) Cassini Pterocaulon alopecuroideum DC. Senecio brasiliensis (Spreng.) Less. Senecio crassiflorus (Poir.) DC. Spilanthes decumbens (Smith)A.H.More Spilanthes stolonifera DC. Vernonia beyrichii Lessing Vernonia cognata Lessing, L. Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Vernonia constricta Matzenbacher et Mafioleti Vernonia scorpioides (Lamarck) Persoon Wulffia baccata (Lf.) O. Kuntze Arrabidaea brachypoda (DC) Bur. Tabebuia elliptica (dc.) SANDW . Heliotropium clausenii Dc. Heliotropium polyphylium Lenn. Protium heptaphylum (Aubl.) March. Protium icicariba DC March Cereus pernanbucensis Hort. Wuerzb ex Pfeiffer (2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Chamaecrista (Cassia) hispidula Vahl. Irwin & Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene Chamaecrista ramosa (Vog.) I & B var ramosa Moldenhawera nutans Queiroz & Allkin n. p. Acicarpha spathulata R. Br. Acicarpha tribuloides Jussieu Dactylaena microphylla Eichl Kielmeyera argentea Choisy Laguncularia racemosa Gaertner f . Commelina cf. Virginica L. Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Ipomoea litoralis (L.) Choysi Ipomoea pes-caprae (L) R. Brow Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hall. Merremia aegyptia (L.) Hallier Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torrey)Mattf.et Kükenth. Agaristha revoluta (Spr.) DC Croton cf. helichrysum Baillon Euphorbia gymnnoclada Boiss. Adesmia latifolia (Spreng.) Vogel, L. Acosmium bijugum (Vog.) Yakovl Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth Centrosema pubescens Benth Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. Clitoria cajanifolia Benth (2º 30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Crotalaria mucronata Desv. Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. Galactia jussiaeana H.B.K. Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb Poecilanthe itapuana GP Lewis Sesbania punicea (Cav.)Bentham Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Swartia apetala Raddi var. subcordata Cowan Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. Vigna halophila (Piper) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Vigna luteola (Jacq.)Benth. Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) Fawa et Rendle Humiria balsamifera (Aubl) St. Hil. var. parvifolia Krameria bahiana B B Simpson Eriope blanchetti (Benth) R Harley Hyptis lacustris St. Hill ex. Benth. Hyptis mutabilis (Rich) Briquet Marsvianthes chamaedris (Vahl.) Ktze. Marsypianthes hyptoides Mart. Ex Benth Cordyline terminalis (Kunth) Strutanthus flexicaulis Mart. Struthanthus polyrhizus Mart. Cuphea calophylla Cham. et Schlecht. Byrsonima gardneriana Juss. Byrsonima coccolobifolia (Spreng.) Kunth Byrsonima microphylla A. Juss (2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Stigmatophyllum ciliatum Lam. Hibiscus pernambucensis (Bertoloni) Johnston Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Comolia ovolifolia DC Triana Leandra australis (Cham.) Cogn. Pterolepis aglomerata Rottb&Mig. Pterolepsis edmundoi Brade & Markgraf Tibouchina clavata (Persoon) Wurdack Tibouchina gracilis (Bonpl.) Cogn. Tibouchina multiceps Cogn. Tibouchina pulchra Chamisso Tibouchina sellowiana ( Cham.) Tibouchina urvilleana (DC:) Cogn. MELIACEAE Melia azedarach L. Abarema filomentosa (Benth) Piltifer Mimosa somnians Humb. & Bonpl. Ex. Willd Calycolpus legrandii Mattos Myrcia panniculata (H.B.K.) Kz. Et Chb. Ouratea rotundifolia (Gardn.) Engl. Ludwigia caparosa (Camb.) Hara Ludwigia elegans (Camb.) Hara Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara Ludwigia longifolia (DC.)Hara Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) Raven Ludwigia peruviana (L.) Hara Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ (2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Polygala cyparissias St. Hilaire & Moquin Polygala laureola St. Hil. & Moq Polygala psomophila Chod. & Hub. Antigonon leptotus Hook & Arn Coccoloba arborescens (Vell) How . Coccoloba cordifolia Meier Coccoloba ramosissima Wedd Polygonum punctatum var. aq Elliot Borreria cymosa Cham. & Schlecht. Borreria verticillata (L) G F W Meye Diodia apiculata (R.et S.) Schum. Diodia radula (R. et S.) Cham. et Schlecht. Richardia brasiliensis Gomez. Rudgea villiflora K. Schum. Tocoyena sellowiana (Cham. Et Schlecht.) K. Cardiospermum integerrimum Radlk Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacquin Pseudima fritescens Radlk. Manilkara salzmanni (DC) H J Lam. Bacopa tweedii (Benth.) Parodi Achetaria ocynoides C.et S.Wetts Solanum cf. Micrathum Britton. Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________ Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. Waltheria cinerescens St. Hil. Turnera melochioides Camb. Var. arenaria Spruce (2º30'S) (7º3'S) (12º56’S) (25º30'S) Vellozia dasypus L B Smith Glandularia selloi (Spreng)Tronc. Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L.C.Richard)Vahl Verbena montevidensis Spreng. Number of bee plant
families and plants
visited by bees

Viana BF & Alves dos Santos I. 2002 Bee Diversity of the Coastal Sand Dunes Of Brazil. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.135-153. _______________________________________________________________________________

Source: http://www.webbee.org.br/bpi/pdfs/livro_02_viana.pdf