Booklet of junetic disease.pmd

kz'k+IfLaf6 dflg;df ;g]{ h'gf]6Ls /f]ux?M s]lGb|o kz' /f]u cGj]if0f k|of]uzfnf, lqk'/]Zj/ ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] h'gf]l;; eGgfn] To:tf] /f]unfO{ hgfpF5, h'g /f]ud]?b08 ePsf] kz'k+IfL / dflg; lar ;b{5 .
s= /f] !_ la/fdL x'g] .
@_ cfly{s gf]S;fgL .
#_ dflg;df gsf/fTds k|efj lb3{sfnLg ?kdf /xg] .
$_ eo / qf; dflg;df x'g] h:t}, j8{ ˆn"sf] 8/ .
%_ ;do v]/ hfg] .
v= O{ !_ Incidental host- lhjf0f', ljiff0f' s'g} klg hgfj/ dflg;df nfUg ;Sg] .
@_ Link Lost- maintenance host / dflg; lar k'nsf] sfd ug{] .
#_ Amplifier host- cfkm}df ;+qmd0f eO{ cem ;of+} u'0ff al9 efO/; tyf
hLjf0f' jftfj/0f jf cGo kz'÷dflg;df ˆofNg] .
!_ lj/fdL kz'sf] cj:yf .
@_ hgfj/df x'g] incubation period -/f]u nfu]/ nIf0f b]lvg] ;do_ .
#_ l;w} ;+qmd0f ÷;+;u{$_ hgfj/sf] 3gTj .
^_ ls6\, d';f cflb lgoGq0f .
&_ slQsf] xflgsf/s lhjf0'f ÷ljiff0f' x'g] .
ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g (World Health Organization) sf] h'gf]l;;sf]ljz]if¡f sdL6Ln] lgDgfg';f/sf] h'gf]l;;sf] juL{s/0f u/L /f]usf] lgoGq0fug{] of]hgf agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
!= l;wf h' (Direct zoonoses)
l;wf ;Dks{, ;+qmd0f / k|b'if0faf6 Ps af6 csf{] hgfj/ jf hgfj/ af6 dflg;df ;g{]. h:t}M–/]ljh / a'|;]nf
@= Cyclozoonoxes
Ps eGbf a9L hgfj/ ;g{] qmddf pkof]u x'g] . h:t}M–dfG5]df x'g] 6]lgofl;; / OsfOgf]sf]sf]l;; (Echinococcosis)
#= Metazoonoses
/f[usf] lhjf0f', ljiff0f' d]?b08 gePsf] ls6 ls/ cflbdf a9\g] x'G5 / kl5 /f]u d]?b08 ePsf] kz' jf dflg;df ;b{5 . h:t}M– cfjf{] efO/;,
l;l:6;f]dLof;L; .
$=Saprozoonooses
of] h'gf]l;;df hgfj/ geO{ lj?jf, kft, df6f] / h}ljs kbfy{df / f]usf] sf/0f eO{ kz' tyf dflg;df /f]u ;b{5 . h:t}M–nfef{sf] ;+qmd0f(Larvamigrans) / 9';LhGo /f]u (Mucotic disease) .
r= /f] (direction of Transmission)
!_ Anthropozoonoses -dflg;df tNnf] hftLsf d]?b08 x'g] hgfj/af6;g{] /f]u .
@_ Zooanthropozoonoses -;+qmd0f dflg;af6 hgfj/df ;g{] .
#_ Amphixenoses -dflg;df / hgfj/df ;+qmd0f x'g] / b'j}df ;+qmd0fPsaf6 csf{]df x'g ;Sg] .
laiff0f' /]lah k|f0f3fts /f]u xf] . kz'af6 dflg;df ;g{] h'gf]6Ls /f]udf of] klg kb{5 . of] Rhabdo virus gfds ljiff0f'4f/f ;b{5 . ;fdfGotof ax'nfs's'/, :ofn cflbn] 6f]s]df dflg; tyf tftf] /ut x'g] hgfj/ ( Warmblooded animals) of] /f]usf] lzsf/ aGg k'Ub5g\ . dfG5] of] /f]u nfu]kl5 kfgLaf6 8/fp5 / o;nfO{ Hydrophobia klg elgG5 . of] /f]ulaiff0f'af6 x'G5 . o:n] :gfo' k|0ffnLdf c;/ kfb{5 .c;+Vo ljiff0f' /f]uL kz'sf]¥ofndf x'G5 . ha s's'/ jf :ofn cflbn] 6f]Sb5, tj laiff0f' z/L/df k|j]zu/L :gfo' jf Lymphatic system af6 z/L/nfO{ /f]uaf6 cfs|fGt t'Nofp5 .
hlt 6fpsf]sf] ghLs 6f]s]sf] x'G5, TotL g} rf8f] /f]usf] nIf0f b]lvG5 .nIf0fb]v] kl5 pkrf/ u/]sf] s'g} kmfO{bf 5}g\. To;}n] /]ljhsf] olsg jf z+sfnfu]df vf]k ;]jf lng' ck/Lxfo{ 5 .
/]ljhsf] ljiff0f' b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 .
s_ :6|\ of] z/L/sf] s'g} klg efuaf6 kfOPsf] /]ljh ljiff0f' xf] . /]ljh nfu]sf] kz'af6 of] /]ljhsf] ljiff0f' 5'6ofpg ;lsG5 .
v_ lkmS; efO{ ha :6\|L6 efO{/;nfO{ v/fof]df ;'O[ nufP/ w]/} passage u/]kl5 efO{/;nfO{ dl:tisdf localize u/LG5 . h:nfO{ lkmS; efO{/; elgG5 .
n'O{; kf:r/n] ;j{k|yd of] /f]u la?4 vf]ksf] lasf; u/]sf lyP . /]ljhsf] efO{/; %) l8u|L ;]N;Lo;df !% ldg]6df gi6 x'G5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gb{edf /]ljh /f]uaf/x dlxgf g} b]lvPsf] 5 . lautdf b}n]v, sfnLsf]6, hfh/sf]6, t]xy'd,ef]hk'/, tfKn]h'8=, kfry/, wflb8= cflb lhNnfdf /f]u km}lnPsf] /]s8{ 5 .
ci6]«lnof /]lah /f]uaf6 d'Qm 5 . Go"lhn}08sf] ;fy} cGo låk /fi6«df klg /]lahsf] k|sf]k 5}g . la|6]gdf !, @ j6f /]lah /f]u a]nf avt /]s8{ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{ oL /fi6«df s's'/nfO{ ^ dlxgf;Dd Sjf/]06fO{gdf /fVg]ul/G5 . of] Joj:yfdf la|6]gdf xfn s]xL v's'nf] ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfndf /]lahsf] b'O{j6f rqm zx/L rqm (Urban cycle) / h·nL rqm (Sylvatic cycle) kfO{G5 . ;fdfGotof zx/df 5f8f s's'/ / ;8sdfkfOg], ;fd'bflos s's'/x¿ dlGb/ / ufp“df /xg] / kfNt' s's'/ 3/df kflng]x'G5 . o;dWo] 5f8f s's'/x¿ l;gf] tyf kmf]xf]/ y'kf/]sf] 7fp“df vfgfsf] nflulge{/ /xG5g\ . o:tf] ;d"xaf6 /]lah nflu cGo kz' dflg;nfO{ 6f]s]df /f]u ;b{5 . h·nL hgfj/ h:t} :ofn, Ajf“;f], km\ofp/f] cflbn] s's'/ jf 3/ kfn'jfkz' tyf dfG5]nfO{ 6f]s]df /f]u ;b{5 . dn;fk|f tyf Gofp/L d';fsf] 6f]sfOaf6klg /]lah /f]u nfUb5 . o;nfO{ dWosfnLg rq (Intermediate cycle)elgG5 . g]kfn -sf7df8f+} pkTosf_ df ljiff0f' >Ln+sf tyf ef/tdf kfOg]ljiff0f'eGbf DNA Secquences df km/s 5 .
nIf0fM!= s' /f]u ;g{] cjlw !$ lbgb]lv ^ xKtf x'G5 . t/ ^ dlxgfkl5 klg /f]u b]vfk/]sf ljj/0fx¿ kfOG5g\ .
-s_ k| -c_ ;d:of u|:t b]lvG5 .
-cf_ dflns jf cGo s's'/;“u ldn]/ a:g rfx“b}g .
-O_ w]/} r~rn jf r'krfk a:b5 .
-O{_ o;kl5 km\o'/Lo; jf 8d k|sf/sf] /]lah nIF0f b]lvG5 .
-c_ s's'/ bf}l8g], af6fdf kg{] s'g} lrh j:t', kz' dfG5]nfO{ 6f]Sg] .
-cf_ e'ls/xg] .
-O_ nfdf] b"/L to ug{] / 3/ kms{g] jf gkms{g] klg ug{ ;Sb5 .
-c_ df+zk]zLsf] kIf3ft x'g] .
-cf_ k|z:t ¥ofn sf8L/xg] .
-O_ ?vf] e'Sg] jf e'Sg g;Sg] .
-O{_ 6fpsf] lgx'/fpg] / lha|f] aflx/ lgsfNg] .
-p_ k5fl8sf] v'§f sdhf]/ eO{ /fd|/L lx“8\g g;Sg] .
-pm_ /f]usf] nIF0f ;fdfGotof $ b]lv & lbg;Dd /xG5 . t/ j9Ldf !) -s_ s's'/ ;':t x'G5 .
-v_ rf“8} g} kIff3ft b]vf kb{5 .
-u_ zfGt;“u ag]sf] @ lbgleq s's'/ db{5 .
k|of]uzfnfdf d/]sf] s's'/sf] dl:tissf] k/LIf0f u/L g]u|L a8L (Negri
bodies) k|fKt u/L /f]u olsg x'G5 .
@= ufO{
@= ufO/]lah /f]uaf6 ufO{ rf“8} g} k|efljt x'G5 . /f]u ;g{] cjlw @ b]lv !) xKtfsf]x'G5 .
nIf0f M-s_ tl;{g], s'g} j:t'df xfGg vf]Hg] .
-u_ wf]b|f] ?kdf k6s k6s s/fO{ /xg] .
-3_ ¥ofn sf8\g], bf“t ls6ls6fpg] .
-ª_ lrGx ufx|f] dfGg], ?lsg]zg aGb x'G5 . -r_ k]6 km'Ng] cGo kz' dfly r9\g] .
-5_ u'båf/sf] kIF3ft x'g] .
dl:tissf] efunfO{ 8fon'6 u/L ;]nf/ :6]g u/L dfO{s|f]:sf]kdf x]bf{ inclusionbodies sf] ?kdf g]u|La8L b]lvG5 . ;fy} direct Fluorescentmicroscope df klg /]lah /f]u lgbfg u/LG5 .
v_ afonf] d';fdf dl:tissf] 8fon'6 u/]sf] efunfO{ intracerebrum ;'O{ lbPdf @ b]lv # xKtfdf d';fdf /]ljhsf] nIf0f b]lvG5 .
u_ /] dl:tissf] efunfO{ 8fon'6 u/L s]lx yf]kf /]lk8 ls6df /flvG5 / !% ldg]6 kl5 b'O{j6f Aof08 b]lvPdf kf]hLl6e gtLhf x'G5 . t/ of] dfqgtLhfsf] e/df kg{' x'b}g . t;y{ afonf]hLsn 6]i6 clgjfo{ ?kdf ug{'kb{5 . g]kfndf of] /f]usf] lgbfg ;]jf s]lGb|o kz' /f]u cGj]if0f k|of]uzfnfdfpknAw 5 .
/f] /f!= ax'nf s's'/n] 6f]s]df dgtftf] kfgL / ;fa'gn] 3fp wf]O{ ;kmf /fVg] .
@= kf]6f; kfgL !M!)) sf] emf]n agfO{ 3fp ;kmf ug{] jf l6Gr/ cfof]l8g a]lGhg jf # k|ltzt sfa|f{]lns Pl;8sf] 3fp ;kmf ug{] .
#= kfNt' s's'/nfO{ # dlxgf k'u]kl5 ! k6s / k|To]s jif{ g]h/ofg EofS;Lg $= 3/ kfn'jf kz', s's'/ cflbnfO{ h·nL hgfj/af6 6f9f /fVg] .
%= lgs'~h jl/kl/sf] If]qdf kz'nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf aw'jf u/L kfNg] .
^= s'g} klg s's'/n] dfG5] jf hgfj/nfO{ 6f]s]df pQm 6f]Sg] s's'/nfO{ gdf/L !) lbg;Dd lgoGq0fdf /fVg' kb{5 . !) lbgleq gd/]df /]lahd'Qm egL yfxf x'G5 .
&= ax'nf s's'/, :ofn cflbn] 6f]s]df kz'df lgDg cg';f/ Nejarab tissue culture Vaccine ^ lbg lgDgfg';f/ ;do calwdf ug{] .
-s_ ), #, &, !$, #) / ^) lbgdf ! ld=ln= .
-v_ e]8f, afvF| ! ld=ln= S/C ;'O{ lbg] .
-u_ a+u'/ ! ld=ln= 5fnfd'gL S/C ;'O{ lbg] .
-3_ s's'/ ! ld=ln= S/C ;'O{ lbg] .
Nejarab tissue culture Vaccine /]lah /f]u EofS;Lg pTkfbg sfof{no lqk"/]Zj/df tof/ ul/G5 .
*= z+sf:kb d/]sf] kz'nfO{ /fd|/L ulx/f] vf8n vg]/ uf8\g] / dflyaf6 r'g (= ¥ofjLhLg, ¥ofjEofs cflb tissue culture Vaccine cflb ! ld=ln= 5fnf d'gL ), #, &, !$, #), ^) lbgdf ;'O{ nufPdf klg ax'nf s's'/n]6f]s]sf]df /f]syfd ug{] l6:o'sNr/ EofS;Lg xf] .
!)= Hyperimmune Serum klg nufpg ;lsG5 .
Pleog OGkm" of] /f]u s'v'/f, xf;+, 6sL{df nfUg] ;?jf /f]u xf] . of] Ps k|sf/sf] laiff0f'af6 x'g] /f]u xf] . of] OGkm"NGhf P laiff0f'n] ubf{ x'G5 . laiff0f'sf] ;txdfePsf] !% j6f lxdfUn"l6gLg / ( j6f Go"/fldlg8]h k|f]6Lgsf] cfwf/dflaleGg k|hftLdf of] laiff0f' laefhg u/LPsf] 5 . gfs, d'vaf6 lg:sLg]kbf{y / ;'nLaf6 /f]u l56f] l56f] ;b{5 . of] /f]udf d[To'b/ !) b]lv !))k|ltzt;Dd x'G5 .
dflg;df of] /f]u ;+s|ldt lhpbf] jf d/]sf] r/fsf] k|ToIf ;Dks{af6 ;b{5 . ck|ToIf ?kdf jftfj0fLo >f]t jf ;+s|fds a:t'x? h:t}, ;'nL, df;'/ c08faf6 klg ;b{5 . of] laiff0f' l56f] l56f] k/Ljt{g x'g ;Sg] ePsf] / dflg;df of] /f]u nfu]/ k'g dflg;df ;g{] cj:yfsf] laiff0f' lasf; ePdfs/f}8f} dflg;sf] d[To' x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf ePsf]n] ubf{ laZjJofkL ?kdf of]/f]usf] Aofks k|rf/, k|;f/ u/L /f]unfO{ lgoGq0fdf lng] k|of; eO{ /x]sf] 5 .
s' bfgf kfgL gvfg], b'Jnfpg], km'n kfg{] s'v'/fdf km'n pTkfbg 36b} hfG5 .
s'v'/fnfO{ l5pl5p nfU5 . gfsaf6 kfgL aUb5 . Zjf; km]g{ cK7of/f] kb{5 .
6fpsf] cg'xf/ / Kjfvn] 9flsPsf] 7fpdf gLnf] eO{ ;'lGgG5 .
:gfo' lasf/ ;DalGw nIf0f klg b]vf kb{5 . lk7\o" lt/ 6fpsf] kmsf{p5 . v'6\6f/ kv]6fsf] k5of3ft klg x'g ;Sb5 . cfvf aGb x'g], n8=8f] x'g], 6fpsf]xNnfpg] ub{5 . tLI0f nIf0f b]vfPdf rf8} db{5 .
pkrf/ xfn;Dd s'g} klg pkrf/ k|efjsf/L gePsf] . tfklg laleGg /fi6\| h:t}, leotgfd, d]lS;sf] / kfls:tfgn] EoflS;g u/L /f]unfO{ lgoGq0fdflnPsf] 5 .
/f] !_ Sjf/]06fO{g Aoa:yfkg dha"t kfg{] .
@_ /f]ud'Qm /fi6\|af6 dfq Kof/]06:6s tyf s'v'/f / s'v'/fhGo kbf{y cfoft #_ cf/f]UoAoa:yfkgdf Wofg lbg] .
$_ z+sf:kb ca:yfsf r/fx?nfO{ lgu/fgLdf /fVg] / To:sf] cf];f/ k;f/df %_ h+unL r/f , kfx'gf r/f ( Migratory bird ) af6 6f9} /xg] tyf ltgsf] lzsf/ u/L df;' vfg] sbflk ug{' x'b}g .
^_ /f]u nfu]sf] vj/ t'?Gt ghLs}sf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb| jf lhNnf kz' ;]jf &_ d/]sf] r/fnfO{ /fd|/L vf8n vgL uf8L lbg] ug{' kb{5 .
*_ of] /f]usf] lgbfg s]lGb|o kz' /f]u cGj]if0f k|of]uzfnf lqk'/]Zj/df x'G5 . t;y{ d/]sf] r/fnfO{ cfO; Kofsdf ;'/IfLt;fy l56f] ;fwgaf6 k7fpg' kb{5 .
/fgLv (New castle Disess):
of] /f]u ljiff0f' (Virus) af6 ;g{] clt g} ;+qmfds /f]u xf] . of] /f]u ljZje/L km}lnPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ ayfgsf ayfg s'v'/f db{5g\ . of] /f]usf]
a9L c;/ ;fgf] rNnf / s'v'/fdf kb{5 . /fgLv]t k|d'v ?kdf s'v'/fdf g}
nfUg] /f]u xf] . tfklg o;n] 6sL{, k/]jf, xfF;, sf]on, 9's'/, pheasants /
fowl nfO{ klg c;/ kfb{5, o;n] ubf{ s'v'/fsf] d[To'b/ %)Ü b]lv !))Ü
x'G5 .
sf/0f:
of] Paramyxo ;d"xsf] ljiff0f'af6 x'g] /f]u xf] . dflg;df o;n]
ubf{ conjunctivitis x'G5 . of] k|of]uzfnfdf EofS;Lg ;SaGwL sfd ug{] / /
f]uL k+IfLsf] x]/rfx ug{] dflg;nfO{ d'Vo ?kdf x'G5 .
nIf0f:
/fgLv]t /f]un] ubf{ Zjf; k|Zjf; k|0ffnL ;DaGwL, :gfo' k|0ffnL ;DaGwL ;fy} cGo nIf0fx? b]vf kb{5g\ . Zjf; k|Zjf; k|0ffnL ;DaGwLnIf0fdf s'v'/fn] vf]Sg] / ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g] k|d'v nIf0f xf] . r'Rrf] / gfssf]Kjfnaf6 kfgL h:tf] afSnf] kbfy{ lgsfN5 . o;n] ubf{ /f]uL s'v'/fnfO{ ;f;km]g{ / lgNg ufx|f] x'G5 . o;af6 d'lQm kfpg 6fpsf] em6\sfpg] / 3fF6L tfGg]ub{5 . s'v'/fnfO{ ltvf{ nfUb5 . ;fy} Ps lsl;dsf] cgf}7f] :j/ lgsfN5 .
*)Üs'v'/fdf o:tf] nIf0f b]vf kb{5 . o:tf] s'v'/f @$ 306fleq db{5 .
:gfo' k|0ffnL ;DaGwL nIf0fn] ubf{ s'v'/fdf df+;k]zLsf] sDkg x'g], Ps]} :yfgdf kmgkmgL 3'Dg], k5fl8 lx+8\g], kv]6f / v'§fsf] kIff3ft x'g],
6fpsf] / 3fF6L a6fg{] x'G5 . oL nIf0f ;fgf] pd]/sf s'v'/fdf w]/} b]lvG5g\,
jo:s s'v'/fdf w]/} b]lvFb}g. @)Ü s'v'/fdf o:tf] nIf0f b]vf kb{5 .
cGo nIf0fx?:
s'v'/f emf]qmfpg], cfFvf ;'lGgg] / o;af6 kfgL h:tf] afSnf] kbfy{ lg:sg], l;p/ / nf]tL gLnf] x'g]. o;n] xl/of] /+usf] lgs} uGxfpg] 5]b{5 . km'nkfg{] s'v'/fn] c08f lbg aGb ub{5 . c08f g} kf/]df aflx/L af]qmf kftnf]ePsf] jf gePsf] klg x'g ;Sb5 .
kf] -s_ s'v'/fsf] k]6 (Proventriculus) sf] Papillae df /ftf] yf]Knfx? x'G5g\ .
-v_Trachea, Brochi cflbsf] leqL efu /ftf] x'g'sf] ;fy} afSnf] kbfy{
hd]sf] x'G5 . xfjf y}nLx? lkm+h ePsf] kbfy{ eg{] ePsf]n] wldnf] /+usf] -u_ cfGb|sf] leqL efudf /Qm>fj ePsf] x'G5 . cfGb|fdf /ftf ;fgf 7"nf -3_ cfFvfdf afbn k/]sf] x'G5 .
cGo /f] (Differential Diagnosis):
xhfM of] lj:tf/} km}lnG5 . /f]uL s'v'/fsf] /ut hfFr ubf{ Pasteurella avi septica gfds hLjf0f' k|fKt x'G5 .
-v_Larygo-trachitis-Larynx / Trachea df /Qm>fj ePsf] / ;'lGgPsf]
b]lvG5 . d[To'b/ sd x'G5 . s'v'/fn] 5]b{}g . r'Rrf] vf]nL /fV5 / :jf;k|:jf; k|lqmof lgs} lgoldt ?kdf x'G5 .
-u_ Spirochaetosis lkmof] / sn]hf] 7"nf] x'G5 . s'v'/fsf] k]6
(Provetriculus) df /Qm>fj x'G5 . t/ /fgLv]tdf h:tf] Papillae df
xF'b}g . /f]u l9nf] km}lnG5 . /ut hfFrdf Borrelia gallinarum e]l6G5 .
-3_ Fowl Plague: gfsaf6 afSnf] t/n kbfy{ cfpFb}g ;fy} ;f; km]g{ klg
cK7of/f] xF'b}g . of] /f]u g]kfndf b]lvPsf] 5}g .
pkrf/:
s'g} klg pkrf/ ;Gtf]ifk|b 5}g .
-s_ s'v'/f 3/ jl/kl/ ;d]t ;b}j cf/f]Uo Joj:yf ckgfpg' kb{5 .
-v_ gofF s'v'/fx? @ xKtf;Dd 6f9f g} /fVg' kb{5 . aflx/L s'v'/f, sfu / c? k+IfLx? klg s'v'/f kfng If]qleq cfpg] x'g'x'b}g .
-u_ /fgLv]t /f]usf] nIf0f b]vfPsf s'v'/fnfO{ vQd u/L ulx/f] vf8n agfO{ ufl8lbg' kb{5 . ;fy} cGo /f]uaf6 d/]sf s'v'/fnfO{ klg uf8\g' kb{5 .
-3_ cGo lg/f]uL s'v'/fnfO{ ;fgf]–;fgf] ;d"x !)–!% uf]6f_ df ljefhg u/L gofF :jR5 / ;kmf 7fpFdf /fVg' kb{5 . u/d / ;'Vvf ;dodf @ xKtfkl5km]l/ ld;fP x'G5 . t/ lr;f] -;do_ df};ddf * xKtf kl5 dfq ld;fpg] .
-ª_ k|Tos ;do efF8f, pks/0f OToflb ;fdfg ;+qmd0f d'Qm u/L /fVg' kb{5 .
-r_ EofS;Lg nufPsf] s'v'/fsf] ayfgdf /fgLv]t b]lvPdf k'gM F1 Strain
/fsyfdsf pkfox?:
s'v'/fnfO{ ;j{k|yd /fgLv]t /f]u lj?4 vf]k lbg' kb{5 . ! lbg] rNnfnfO{ /fgLv]t Pkm :6]«g EofS;Lg –! 6\o"jnfO{ !) b]lv !% ld=ln= lr;f]/ ls6f0f' d'Qm gd{n ;nfOgdf ld;fP/ @ yf]kf rNnfsf] gds jf ! yf]kfcfFvfdf / ! yf]kf gfsdf xflnlbg] . o;n] ^–* xKtf;Ddsf rNnfnfO{/f]uaf6 arfpg] sfd ub{5 . EofS;Lg lbgf;fy s]lx;do rNnfnfO{ kfgLglbg] . *–!@ xKtfsf] pd]/df k'gM /fgLv]t Pd :6]«g -d'Qm]Zj/_ EofS;Lg !6\o'jnfO{ @)) ld=ln= lr;f] / ls6f0f' d'Qm gd{n ;nfOgdf ldnfP/ )=%ld=ln= k|lt s'v'/fsf] lx;fan] 5fnf d'lg jf df;'df ;'O{ lbg' kb{5 .
g]kfndf tof/ ul/Psf] of] EofS;Lgsf] ! 6\o"jdf $)) dfqf x'G5 .
(Salmonella) M–
Salnonella typhi 6fO{kmfO{8sf] sf/s tTj xf] . !*)) eGbf a9L food poisoning ug{] ;fndf]g]nfsf] ;]/f]6fO{k kfO{G5 . t/ clwsf+zn]kz'df lSnlgsn /f]usf] nIf0f b]vfpFb}g . t/ dflg;df x'g] /f]usf] sf/s tTj eg]s'v'/f, ufO{j:t', e]8f / j+u'/ g} xf] . jwzfnf, c08f tyf kz'hGo ;fdfu|Laf6/f]u ;b{5 . /fd|/L gksfPsf] vfgf, gttfPsf] b"waf6 klg /f]u ;b{5 .
/f] nIf0fM–dflg;–5]/f}6L nfUg], k]6 b'Vg] / Hj/f] cfpg] .
ufO{–Hj/f] cfpg], 5]/f}6L nfUg] / Jofpg] ufO{n] t'xfpF5 .
e]8f, afv|f, s'v'/fdf /f]usf] vf;} nIf0f b]lvb}g .
pkrf/M–!_ Trimethoprim – Sulfamethoxazole #_ Ciprofloxacin k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
/f]syfdM– /f!_ /fd|/L ;kmf u/]sf] df;' ksfP/ vfg hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{] .
@_ kz'jwzfnf j jw:yndf ;kmf kfgL k|of]u ug{] .
#_ b"w /fd|/L pdfn]/÷Pasteurize u/]/ dfq pkef]u ug{] .
$_ h+unL k+IfL, d';f cflbsf] k|j]z s'v'/f 3/ tyf kz'sf] uf]7df lgoGq0f ug{] .
Ifo/f (Tuberculosis)
of] /f]u dfO{sf]JofS6]l/od 6\o'j/s'nf]l;; (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) gfds hLjf0f'af6 ;b{5 . of] /f]u kz'af6 dflg;df klg ;g{
;Sb5 . of] /f]u ufO{, afv|f, a+u'/df a9L b]Vg ;lsG5 . dflg;df /f]uL hgfj/
sf] b"w, df;', lk;fa Pj+ ;+;u {dfkm{t of] /f]u ;g{ ;Sb5 . t;y{ :jf:Yosf
b[li6s]f0faf6 of] /f]u dxTjk"0f{ 5 .
sf/0f:
lgDg hLjf0f'n] ljleGg hftL, k|hftLdf Ifo/f]u nfUb5 .
Mycobacterium avium - r/fr'?ËL
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - dflg; Mycobacterium bovis - ufO{, e+};L, e+]8f, afv|f
nIf0f:
ufO{ j:t' /fd|f] bfgf kfgL lbFbf klg lbg lbg} b'AnfpFb} hfg], a]nf avtdf Hj/f] cfpg] klg x'G5 . 6L=aL= z/L/sf] laleGg 7fpFdf klg nfUg;Sb5 . h:t}M cfGb|f, kmf]S;f], kf7]3/, kmfFrf] cflb .
-!_ cfGb| 3fF6L ghLssf] u|GyL;'lgO{ ;f; km]g{df cK7Øf/f] o;n] ubf{ kz' vf]Sg] x'G5 . vf]sL laxfgLkv a9L 3/sf 6L=aL=M *–( dlxgfsf] Jofpg] ufO{ e+};L t'lxg', ;dodf efn] gvf]Hg', lk;fa s]xL wldnf] x'g'cflb nIf0f b]lvG5 .
sf 6L=aL=M k5fl8sf] kmfFrf]sf] km]b s8f x'g' . b"wdf emf]n rf]S6f ldl;P/ lg:sg' . rfF8} g} b"w kmf6\g' / kmfFrf]sf] cfsf/ a9\g] nIf0f x'G5 .
6o'j/s'lng 6]i6 ug{] . )=! ld=ln= 6\o'j/s'lng ÷d 3fF6L glhssf] 5fnfdf ;'O{ lbg] /f]uL kz'df &@ 306fleq 5fnfsf] k|ltlqmof km'n]sf] cfwf/df /f]uLxf] jf xf]O{g eGg] yfxf x'G5 . /f]uL kz'df :ki6 5fnf km"n]sf] x'G5 .
k};fsf] b[li6sf]0fdf pkrf/ w]/} vlr{nf] / w]/} dlxgf;Dd ug{'kg{] ePsf]n] pko'Qm gePsf] .
-s_ cfO{;f]lgofhL8 -u_ l/kmfDkLl;gcflb cf}iflw k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
/f]syfd -s_ /f]uL hgfj/nfO{ 5'6ØfP/ /fVg] .
-v_ ;/;kmO{ b}lgs ?kdf ug{] .
-u_ la=l;=hL= EofS;Lg %)–!)) Pd= Pn= !% lbgsf] afR5fdf vf]kfpg] .
-3_ gofF kz'a:t'nfO{ uf]7df /fVg' clw s]lx ;do 5'§} /fvL /f]u eP gePsf] (Brucellosis):
of] /f]u kz'af6 dflg;df klg ;g{ ;S5 . o;n] ubf{ dfG5]df Dofb] Hj/f] jf dfN6flkmj/ x'G5 . ufO{, e+};Ln] % dlxgf cjlw k'u] kl5 t'xfpF5g\ .
Psk6s ;+qmd0f ePkl5 cGo ue{ k"/f cjlw k'u]/ klg aRrf kfpg] ub{5 .
of] a'|;]nf Pjf{]6; (Brucella abortus) gfds hLjf0f'af6 x'g] /f]u xf] . of]
/f]u ufO{, e+};L, e+]8f, afv|f, a+u'/ Pj+ s's'/df ;d]t nfUb5 . o;sf] ;+qmd0f
kf7]3/df x'G5 . t'x]sf] afR5f afR5Lsf] ;fndf of] JofS6]l/of x'gfn] o;nfO{
/fd|/L uf8\g] / pkrf/ sfo{df vl6Psf JolQmn] xftdf /fd|/L k+hf nufpg'
kb{5 . ;fF9]df klg of] /f]u x'g ;Sb5 . o;n] ubf{ k|hgg zlQmdf x|f; cfpg]
x'G5 . ljo{df ;d]t of] hLjf0f' b]lvG5 . t;y{ s[lqd uef{wfg ug{sf nflu
kflnPsf] ;fF9}df of] /f]u b]lvPdf o;nfO{ pQm sfo{af6 cnu /fVg' kb{5 .
;fF9]sf] c08sf]if ;'lGgPsf] x'G5 . s'g}df Pp6f c08 jf b'j} c08sf]if ;+qmd0f
ePsf] x'G5 . s'g} j:t'n] of] /f]u nfdf] ;do;Dd z/L/df kfnL cGodf ;fg{]
t/ :jo+ nIf0f gb]vfpg] klg x'G5 . of] /f]u Zoonotic Disease ePsf]n]
ubf{ hg:jf:Yodf o;sf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg 5 . kz' :jf:YosdL{ Pj+ kz'
lrlsT;s of] /f]u b]lv xf]lzof/L /xg' kb{5.
sf/0f:
a'|;]nfsf] hLjf0f' tyf c;/ ug{] kz'a:t' lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ .
Brucella abortus - ufO{, e+};L
B. melitensis - afv|f
B. ovis - e+]8f
B. canis - s's'/
B. sius - a+u'/
B. neotomae - rhodents
nIf0f:
-s_ ufO{ e+};Ln] % dlxgf k'u]kl5 ue{ t'xfpF5 .
-v_ of]gL leq ;'lGgG5 .
-u_ ;'taf6 uGxfpg] kx+]nf] kbfy{ lg:sL /xG5 .
-3_ JofPkl5 ;fn gemg{] x'G5 .
-ª_ ;fn gem/]/ kf7]3/sf] ;+qmd0f eO{ ;w+}sf] nflu afFemf]kg klg /xg ;Sb5 .
-r_ Ps b'O{ j]t t'x]/ k'g ;fdfGo cj:yfdf klg kms{g ;Sb5 .
-5_ ;fF9]df 3F'8f ;'lGgg] x'G5 .
-h_ c08sf]if ;'lGgg] / k|hgg Ifdfdf qmlds x|f; cfpF5 .
klxrfg:
-s_ nIf0fM d'VotM ue{ t'lxG5.
-v_ cf/=la= lk= 6L= (Rose Bengal Plate test) @) dfO{s|f]ln6/ P06Llhg
/ a/fa/ dfqfdf /f]uL kz'sf] l;/d /fv]df ;fgf] ;fgf] s0f b]lvG5 .
-u_ 6\o'j PUn'6Lg];g k/LIf0f u/]/ .
-3_ ;fn t'x]sf] afR5f, afR5L / of]gLaf6 lg:s]sf] kbfy{af6 JofS6]l/of -ª_ ELISA 6]i6 u/]/ .
pkrf/:
-s_ 6]6«f;fOSnLg @) ld=u|f=÷s]=hL tf}nsf] b/n] $÷$ lbgsf] km/sdf %–^
-v_ 8S;L;fO{SnLg !) ld= u|f ÷s]=hL tf}n cg';f/ # b]lv % lbg;Dd -s_ sf]/nL Pj+ ^–!* dlxgfdf kf8f afR5fdf a'|;]nf Pjf]6{; :6]«g !( gdsf] vf]k nufpg] 7"nf kz'nfO{ klg a'|;]nf:6]«g g+= $%÷@) sf] vf]k nufpg].
-v_ t'x]sf]kf8f, afR5f, ;fn / ;f]Q/ /fd|/L uf8]/ dflyaf6 r"g 5s{g] .
-u_ /f]uL /fFuf, ;fF9]nfO{ v;L kfg{] jf k|hgg sfo{df gnufpg] / s[lqd uef{wfg sfo{qmddf jLo{ ;+sng ul/g] /fFuf], ;fF9]nfO{ of] /f]u nfu],gnfu]sf] ^–^ dlxgfdf k/LIf0f ug{] / ePdf t'?Gt x6fpg] .
-3_ uf]7df ;/–;kmfO{ /fVg] .
-ª_ /f]uL kz'nfO{ ayfgaf6 5'§}/fvL pkrf/ ug{] .
-r_ /f]u af/]df hgr]tgf hufO{ dflg;df of] /f]usf] Go"g k|efj kfg{].
-^_ klZrdL /fi6«df of] /f]usf] kf]lhl6e /LofS6/ kz'nfO{ dfl/G5 .
(Listeriosis) :
of] /f]unfO{ Meningo-encephalitis klg elgG5 . of] kmf§k'm§?kdf
b]vf kg{] ;+qmfds /f]u xf] . e+]8f, ufO{, e+};L, a+u'/,afv|f, v/fof], s'v'/fdf of] /f]u
nfUb5 . of] /f]u Listeria monocytogenes af6 x'G5 . dflg;df klg of]
/f]u nfUb5 . dflg;sf] cnfjf p3|fpg] kz' / a+u'/df klg Meningoencephalitis
x'G5 .
nIf0f:
!= e+]
!= e :
-s_ Hj/f] !)#–!)( l8u|L km= cfpF5 .
-v_ ;':t b]lvg], vfg dg gug{], 3fF6L k5fl8 kmsf{pg] / Pstk{m em'sfpg] .
(Fungal Diseases)
; (Coccidioidomycoses)
o;n] s's'/,ufO{, e+};L, a+u'/, e+]8f / dflg;df c;/ kfb{5 .
/f]u ;g{] t/Lsf –;f; k]mbf{ 9';L lnPdf .
o;n]ubf{ kx+]nf] kLk h:tf] afSnf] kbfy{ a|f]l°of]n, d]l8o;6Lgd, d]h]G6«L,kmfl/GhLon / ;aDofShLn/L lnDkm u|GyL / kmf]S;f]df b]lvG5 .
/f] /f!= ;+qmd0g ePsf] lnDkm u|GyLaf6 9';L (Fungus) lgsfNg] .
@= w'nf] ldl>t xfjf ;f; km]g{ lgoGq0f u/]/ .
(Moniliasis/ Candidipsis)
o;n] kz' tyf dflg;df ljz]if u/L s]6fs]6Ldf c;/ kfb{5 . aRrfsf] lhj|f]df ;]tf] n]kn] 9flsPsf] x'G5 . h;nfO{ Thrush elgG5 . a+u'/sf]kf7fkf7Lsf] Thrush x6fPdf afGtf x'G5 .
9';L uf]7sf] ;f]Q/ , d'v, ;fnsf] luvf{ / jL/sf] jLo{af6 ;d]t 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . lg:6f6Ldaf6 lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 . Candidiosis n] hL0f{lgdf]lgof ub{5 .
Candida sf] ljleGg Strain 5g\ M
• Candida albican ;a}eGbf xfgLsf/s xf] .
• C. guillerimundil
• C. tropicalis
• C. pseudotropicalis
nIf0f:
-s_ ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g] .
-5_ cfFvfaf6 cfF;' emg{] .
-h_ o;n] ue{ktg u/fpg], w]/} jfnL vf]Hg] cj:yf >[hgf ug{] / ;fF9]df pkrf/: ;Gtf]ifk|b gePsf] .
(Leptospirosis)
of] /f]u hg:jf:Yosf] lx;fan] dxTjk"0f{ 5 . o;n] ljleGg kz'x?df c;/ kfb{5 . h;n ]ubf{[ ue{ktg x'g], ufO{j:t'df y'g]nf] klg b]lvg] ub{5 . of]
hLjf0f' df6f]df kfO{G5 . of] /f]u d';f dfkm{t cGo kz'x?df klg ;b{5 .
;'Vvf tyf pH kl/jt{gdf hLjf0f' db{5 . n]K6f]:kfO{/f]l;;sf hftx?
o; k|sf/ 5g:
!= Leptospira pomona o;n] ubf{ ufO{, a+u'/, 3f]8f / e+]8fdf /f]u NofpFb5 .
@= Li. icterohaemorrhagie o;n] ubf{ ufO{ tyf a+u'/df /f]u NofpFb5 .
#= Li. canicola of] h+unL hgfj/, s's'/ / :ofndf nfUb5 . h'grflxF
$= LI. hardjo -ufO{df ue{ktg tyf y'g]nf] ub{5 .
%= Li. tarassovi
/f]uL hgfj/n] r/g, uf]7, bfgf,kfgL b'lift kf/L cGo :j:y kz'df / f]u ;fb{5 . t'x]sf] e'|0f, jLo{, lk;fjaf6 klg of] /f]u ;b{5 . ufO{, e+};Ldf #)Ü;Dd ue{ktg x'G5 . /f]u eg] ztk|ltztdf nfUb5 . t/ d[To'b/ ufO{j:t'df%Ü dfq x'G5 . e+]8fdf of] /f]u afv|faf6 ;b{5 . df;' k;n], e]6]l/g/Log tyfpTkfbg ug{] ls;fgdf klg b'lift lk;fa, kf7]3/sf] kmf]x/, b"w jf jLo{ dfkm{t/f]u nfUg ;Sb5 . ue{ktg cfwf ue{ cj:yf kl5 x'G5 .
nIf0f:
nIf0f lgDgg';f/ x'G5 .
s= t[i0f (Acute) v= xNsf t[i0f (Subacute) u= lh0f{ (Chronic)
s= t[
-c_ k|d'v ?kdf afR5f÷afR5Ldf c;/ kfb{5 .
-cf_ Do"sf];fdf yf]Knf yf]Knf /Qm>fj x'G5 .
-O_ vfgf ?rL gx'g],Hj/f] !)%–!)& l8u|L km= x'G5 .
-O{_ d'6'sf] w8\sg a9\g]/ ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'G5 .
-p_ Photpsensitization x'g], nË8fpg] b]lvg] .
-pm_ t[i0f / xNsf t[i0f ?kdf Li. Pomona n] ubf{ ufO{df nIf0f b]lvG5 .
-P_ ufO{df ue{ktg x'G5 .
v= Subacute k|sf/ Acute eGbf c;/df dfq xNsf ?kdf km/s x'G5 .
u= hL0f{ -c_ ue{ktg x'g] .
-cf_ ¥ofn sf8\g], c//f] x'g], d]g]GhfO{6L; x'g], Conjuctivits b]lvG5 .
pkrf/:
!= ufO{ e+};Ldf :6]«K6f]dfO{;Lg !@ ld=u|f=÷s]=hL= tf}ncg';f/ lbgsf] @ k6s
a+u'/df eg] @% ld=u|f÷s]=hL= tf}n cg';f/ .÷m lbgxF' lbg] .
@= b"wsf] microbial Sensitivity test u/L cfjZos P06Ljfol6s cf}ifwL != /f]uL kz'sf] /f]u lgbfg ug{] .
@= gofF v/Lb u/]sf] kz'nfO{ ! dlxgf ;Dd lgu/fgLdf /fVg] .
#= ;+qmd0f ePsf] kz'sf] bfgfdf P06Ljfol6s ld;fP/ v'jfpg] .
$= kmdf{lng – OgofS6Le]6 EofS;Lg ! ld= nL= S/C $–^ dlxgfsf] afR5f÷afR5Ldf nufO{ k|To]s jif{ k'gM bf]xf]¥ofpg] ug{' kb{5 .
%= dflg;df klg /f]u ;g{] ePsf]n] ubf{ e]6]l/g/Log, au/] (butcher) tyf sfd ug{] JolQmn] xf]lzof/L ckgfpg' kb{5 .
kjd ( Taenia Saginata ) :
of] laZjJofkL ?kdf kfO{G5 / aif{]gL % s/f]8 dflg;df o:sf] ;+s|d0f x'G5 jf k|efljt x'G5g\ . larsf] ca:yfdf (Intermediate host) ufO{, e};L jf o:t} hgfj/ x'G5g\ . slxn] sflx pm6, nfdf, P06]nf]k (Antelope) klg k|efljt x'G5 . o:sf] nfef{ ca:yfnfO{ l;:6L;/s; (cysticercus ) elgG5 . hf] df;+k]zL / d'6'df x'G5 . hgfj/n] 6]k jd{sf] c08f df+;fxf/L hgfj/(definitive host ) sf] lb;faf6 ;+s|d0f ePsf] 3f;kft vfPsf] x'G5 / of] cj:yf cfp5 . ha c08f k]6df sf]/nL hexacanth larvae aGb5 . hf] cfGb|fsf] kvf{nnfO{ l5rf]n]/ /ut jf lnDkm k|0ffnLdf k'Ub5 . h; dfkm{t of] df;+k]zL jf d'6'df k'uL l;:6L;/s;df k/L0ft x'G5. dflg; gksfPsf] jf sfrf] df;' vfPdf /f]uaf6 u|;Lt x'G5 . l;:6L;/s;sf] kfgL y}nf] cfGb|fdf kfrg x'bf k/hLjLsf] scolex aflx/ cfp5 . of] cfGb|fsf] kvf{ndf /fd|/L 6fl;O{ ao:s 6]kad{sf] ?kdf lasf; x'G5 .
o:df ufO{, e};Ldf Cysticercus bovis gfds bladder worm x'G5 .
o:n] dflg;nfO{ Intermediate host agfpb}g .
nIf0f M!_ k]6 b'Vg].
#_ ?rL gx'g], sdhf]/L x'g], / tf}n 36g] .
pkrf/McfGt/Ls k/hLjL la?2 lgodLt cf}ifwL v'jfpg] .
a+au kjd (Taenia solium ) M
of] lkmQ] h'sf ;+;f/e/L km}lnPsf] eP klg a+u'/ gkfNg] , wfld{s tyf ;fdflhs ca:yf ePsf 7fpdf o:sf] k|efj 5}g . s/Lj % s/f]8 dflg; aflif{s ?kdf of] /f]uaf6 ;+s|dLt ePsf] kfO{G5. dflg;nfO{ ao:s 6]kjd{ z/L/df x'g] jf definitive host / intermediate host b'a} ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . a+u'/ eg] intermediate hsot xf]. o:sf] bladder wormstage nfO{ cysticercus cellulosae elgG5 . of] a+u'/sf] df+;k]zL , tGt'tyf :gfo" k|0ffnLdf ;d]t uO{ a[l2 eP/ /xG5 .
nIf0fM!_ :gfo' k|0ffnLdf c;/ kfg{] .
/f!_ a+u'/nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf lkmQ] h'sf la?2 cf}ifwL v'jfpg] .
@_ cf/f]Uo Aoa:yfkg ckgfpg] .
#_ gkfs]sf] / sfrf] a+u'/sf] df;' gvfg] .
$_ kz' awzfnf tyf df;' hfr P]g, @)%% nfO{ s8fO{sf ;fy kfngf (Bovine spongyform encephalopathy)
w]/} klxnfb]lv :qmflk /f]u e]8f afv|fdf kQf nfu]sf] lyof] . of] /f]usf] sf/0f s'g} lhjf0f' jf ljiff0f' geO{ Ps k|sf/sf] k|f]l6g g} xf] . of] BSE klgTo;};+u ;DalGwt 5 . o;af6 Go'lSns Ol;8 5'6Øfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . of]/f]unfO{ ufO{ ax'nfpg] /f]u jf Dof8 sfp l8lhh klg elgG5 . o;n] ubf{ ufO{uf]?sf] s]lGb|o :gfo' k|0ffnLsf] lubL :kf]Gh h:tf] eO{ /f]uaf6 kl/jt{g x'G5 .
ufO{sf] bfgfdf e+]8fsf] df;, xf8 cflb lk;]/ /flvG5 . olb To:tf]df :qmfkL eP/ d/]sf] e+]8f /fv]df klg /f]u ;b{5 ls eGg] wf/0ff 5 . j:t'tM ufO{
uf]? zfsfxf/L 3fF;kft vfg] kz' x'g\ . of] /f]usf] rrf{ a]nfotdf ;g\ !((^
df ;jf{lws eof] . tyflk /f]uaf/]df k|yd hfgsf/L ;g\ !(*^ df a]nfotdf
ePsf] lyof] .
sf/0f:
o;sf] sf/0f k|f]6LgnfO{ lk|og (Prion) elgG5 . of] @* lsnf] 8fN6gsf] UnfO{sf]k|f]6Lg xf] . of] Prion P (PrP) k|f]6Lg :tgwf/L kz'sf]
;fdfGo lbdfudf lhgn] sf]8 ub{5 . o;nfO{ k|f]6Lg]hn] gi6 kfg{ ;Sb5 . ha
o;df k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf x'G5 . h;nfO{ k|f]6Lg]hn] gi6 ug{ ;Sb}g To;}n]
Prain hDdf xF'b} hfFbf ;+qmd0f eO{ /f]u nfUb5 .
nIf0f:
-s_ b"w pTkfbg 36\5 .
-u_ lx+8\bf n/a/fpF5 / c;Gt'ng eO{ n8\5 .
-3_ 6f]nfP/ x]g{] / cGTodf db{5 .
pkrf/ / /f] pkrf/ ;+tf]ifk|b gePsf] .
-s_ ufO{÷uf]?sf] bfgfdf e+]8fsf] x8\8L,df;' k|of]u gug{] .
-v_ /f]uL÷z+sf:kb kz' cfoft gug{] .
kz'hGo k|f]l6gsf] d'Vo c+z df;'af6 g} k'lt{ x'G5 . :jR5 tyf ;kmf t/Lsfaf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] df;' vfPdf hg:jf:Yodf ;sf/fTds k|efj kfb{5 .
af;L, b'lift, ;8]un]sf] jf cGo s'g} ;+qmd0f eO{ d/]sf] kz'k+IfLsf] df;' ;]jgu/]df ljleGg /f]un] ;dfpg];+efjgf ;w+} /xG5 . xfd|f] h:tf] b]zdf hxf a'9f]/fFuf],hf]t]sf] /fFuf], c08f kf/]/ ylst ePsf] s'v'/f / dg{ nfu]sf] kz' j:t' ;d]tc:j:ys/ jftfj/0fdf df/L ;j{;fwf/0fdf a]lrG5 . ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 lgu/fgLsd /xg', cfw'lgs jwzfnf gx'g', 7"nf] zx/ ahf/df kfgLsf] xfxfsf/ x'g'n]/fd|/L ;kmf u/LPsf] df;' au/] jf k;ndf ljqmLdf kfpg d'lZsn 5 . o;}n]ubf{ cfw'lgs jwzfnf :yfkgf u/L :jf:y kz'sf] df;'nfO{ bIf e]6]/Lg/Logn]hfFr k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5fk nufP/ dfq ahf/df lgwf{l/t dfkb08 lgwf{l/t ul/a]Rg' kb{5 .
df;' v tLg lsl;dsf cj:yf 5g:
cfhsf] t];|f] ljZjsf /fi6«df Pl06jfof]l6S; cf}iflw, ls6gfzs cf}iflwsf] cGwfw'Gw k|of]u ePsf] kfO{G5 . Pl06jfof]l6S;sf] /]l;8'on Okm]S6 jf c;/o'Qm cj:yf /x'Gh]n df/]/ df;' a]Rg' ck/fw x'G5. ls6gfzs cf}iflw h:t}MPN8«Lg, dfnfyLog, ;fO{yLog, l8=l8=6L===cflb h'd|f dfg{ jf kft ?vdf ls/fdfg{k|of]u ul/G5 . h'g kft, emf/ cflbdf c;/ ug{] cfjZos dfqfdf eGbfw]/} a9L ?kdf kz' cflbn] vfg uO{ z/L/df ljifQm kbfy{ /xG5 . h'g kz'sf]df;' ;]jg ubf{ dflg;df hfG5 . z/L/sf] tf}n a9fpg xdf{]g k|of]u ul/G5 .
of] xdf{]gsf] dfqf cfjZos eGbf a9L ePdf dflg;sf] :jf:Yodf gsf/fTdsc;/ kfb{5 . k/hLjL lgoGq0fsf] nfuL cNj]08fhf]n k|of]u ul/G5 .
v= /f] /f : Salmonella
!= Sjf/]G6fO{gM s'g} klg kz' j:t' cfoft ubf{ s8f lgu/fgL /fVg'kb{5 .
@= kz'k+IfLsf] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f M df;'sf] nflu sf6\g' k"j{ kz'sf] :jf:Yo hfFr #= Meat Inspection -df;'sf] k/LIf0f_M sf6]kl5 df;' k/LIf0f u/L vfg of]Uo efudf 5fk nufO{ ahf/df k7fpg' kb{5 .
$= k/Ljxgdf k|of]u ul/g] kz'nfO{ vfgdf k|of]u gul/g] .
%= cfw'lgs jwzfnf – cTofw'lgs kz' jwzfnf lgdf{0f ug{] sfo{sf] sf7df8f+} dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 xfn} k|z+;gLo kxn ePsf] 5 .
^= 9'jfgLdf jftfg's'lnt afxg (Air condition van) k|of]u ug{], l/S;f cflbdf v'nf 9'jfgL /f]sL :jR5 ?kdf a]Rg nufpg] .
&= Deep Freeze df /fvL df;' a]Rg] sfo{nfO{ qmlds ?kdf k|fyldstf *= bz+},d]nf,xf6 ahf/sf] a]nfdf ljz]if kz' j:t'sf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
(= ljsl;t /fi6«df k7fpg lgwf{l/t zt{ k'¥ofpg], vf]/]t cflb /f]u lgd{"n x'g' (Meat borne fungal disease)
df;' k|f]6Lgsf] e/kbf{] ;|f]t xf] . kz'hGo k|f]6Lg dflg;sf] vfgfsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] . of] kf]l;nf]kgn] ubf{ JofS6]l/of, efO/; tyf kmË; -9';L_cflb df;'df ;lhn};+u x'ls{G5g\ . t;y{ :jR5 ljlw gckgfpg] xf] eg]df;'af6 ;lhn} ;+u ljleGg /f]ux? ;b{5g\ . 9';Låf/f ;g{] /f]ux?af/] /fd|/L WofglbPsf] kfO+{b}g . h;n] ubf{ hg:jf:Yodf k|ToIf c;/ kg{ hfG5 .
9';L Ps k|sf/sf] k/hLjL (Saprophytes) xf] . hf] df;' jf s'g} vfgf To;} /fv]df !–@ lbgdf k|i6 cfFvfn] b]lvG5 . o;df Mycelium tyfSpore x'G5 . ;fdfGotof :jf;, k|Zjf; jf vfgf vfFbf of] dflg;df ;b{5 .
o;sf] pkrf/ ;/n / ;xh 5}g . t;y{ ;dod} xf]lzof/L ckgfpg' kb{5 .
cf]l;nf] :yfg, ;fk]lIfs cfb{|tf a9L x'g], udL{ ;dodf 9';L a9L x'G5 . lsglso:tf] :yfgdf 9';LnfO{ cg's'lnt jftfj/0f ldNb5 . w]/} kz' j:t', a+u'/, e+]8f,afv|f;+u} uf]7df l56f] ;g{] tyf /f]usf] ;+qmd0f x'G5 .
(Moniliasis) jf SoflG8l8ofl;; (Candidiasis):
of] /f]u a+u'/sf k7fk7Ldf b]lvG5 . ;fy} s]6f s]6Ldf of] /f]u b]lvG5 . lha|f]df;]t]f lemNnLn] 9fs]sf] x'G5 . h'g rflx+ Oesophagus tyf k]6;Dd k'Ub5 .
h;nfO{ Thrush klg elgG5 . of] s'kf]if0faf6 u|l;t aRrf aRrLdfnfUb5 .
@= bfb (Dermtomycosis/Ringworm): kz'sf] 5fnf lrnfpg], /f+} emg{]
x'G5 . Trichophyton spp. a+u'/, ufO{, e+};L, e+]8f, afv|fdf ;+qmd0f ub{5 .
3fF6L, 6fpsf], cfFvfsf] l8n lrnfpg], /f+} emg{] x'G5 . o;sf] pkrf/ ufx|f]x'G5 . of] /f]u dflg;df ;g{] k|d'v /f]u xf] .
(Aflatoxicisis): of] /f]u Aspergillus flavus eGg]
9';Laf6 pTkfbg ePsf] ljif vfgfn] s'v'/f,xfF;df nfUb5 . udL{ tyfcfb{|tf ePdf of] 9';L km}nG5 . sn]hf] tyf z/L/df xl/of] 8Nnf 8NNffb]lvG5 . o;sf] sf/0f SofG;/ ;d]t x'g] ;Defjgf dflg;df ;d]t x'G5 .
$=Coccidiomycosis: of] /f]udf lnDkm u|GyL ;'lGgPsf] x'G5 . e+};L,e+]8f,
afv|f, 3f]8f cflbdf o;n] c;/ ub{5 . of] /f]u dflg;df klg ;b{5 .
%= Blastomycososis: o; /f]udf 3f]8fdf k5fl8sf] lt3|fdf 3fp b]lvG5 .
5fnf tyf kmf]S;f]df dfG5]nfO{ c;/ kfb{5 . a+u'/ b'Anfpg] tyf dg{] x'G5 .
^_ Aspergillosis: o;df a+u'/sf] dfpn] t'xfpF5 . k7fk7Lsf] kmf]S;f]df
luvf{ x'G5 . s'v'/fdf o;nfO{ Brooder pneumonia elgG5 . Brooderpneumonia ePdf s'v'/f nf6f] x'G5 . kv]6f nlqPsf] x'G5 . uGxfpg]5]b{5 . of] /f]u xfjfåf/f Mycelium af6 ;b{5 .
&=Histoplasmosis: o;df /f+ufsf] kmf]S;f]df v/faL b]lvG5 . o;n] Ifo
!_ /]jLh - kz' :jf:Yo k|ljlw – 8f= a+zL zdf{ - k|sfzLsfM x]df zdf{ v!/%!( @_ a+u'/ kfng t/Lsf– 8f= a+zL zdf{ - k|sfzLsfM x]df zdf{ v!/%!(, gof+ #_ Awareness in Rabies (2001) – 8f= huGgfy /fO{ .
E-mail : agroinfo@wlink.com.np
website : www.aicc.gov.np

Source: http://www.aicc.gov.np/publications/booklets/Booklet%20of%20Junetic%20disease.pdf